{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191835749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","title":"Cooperative Ramp Merging Design and Field Implementation: A Digital Twin Approach Based on Vehicle-to-Cloud Communication","display_name":"Cooperative Ramp Merging Design and Field Implementation: A Digital Twin Approach Based on Vehicle-to-Cloud Communication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191835749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","mag":"3191835749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050822564","display_name":"Xishun Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xishun Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038550389","display_name":"Ziran Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-7150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093665","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0076knn86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziran Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-7150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042733624","display_name":"Xuanpeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanpeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-6927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009775690","display_name":"Kyungtae Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093665","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0076knn86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungtae Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079453326","display_name":"Prashant Kumar Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-5618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093665","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0076knn86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoTech Labs, Toyota Motor North America, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077257353","display_name":"Matthew Barth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Barth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-5859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006183071","display_name":"Guoyuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CE-CERT, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-6366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CE-CERT, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050822564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99080965,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"4490","last_page":"4500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.7705376148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7252318263053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.559895932674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.473432332277298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.45015543699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43835264444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.42949971556663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4034566879272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.394270658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3276466727256775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.7705376148223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7252318263053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.559895932674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.473432332277298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45015543699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43835264444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42949971556663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4034566879272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.394270658493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3276466727256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3045123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57229731","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2103491909","https://openalex.org/W2105403067","https://openalex.org/W2153501284","https://openalex.org/W2161408559","https://openalex.org/W2169586810","https://openalex.org/W2508448572","https://openalex.org/W2509583637","https://openalex.org/W2581478122","https://openalex.org/W2594367393","https://openalex.org/W2745030091","https://openalex.org/W2762044747","https://openalex.org/W2796120647","https://openalex.org/W2809911191","https://openalex.org/W2883796017","https://openalex.org/W2897650612","https://openalex.org/W2944858221","https://openalex.org/W2948044926","https://openalex.org/W2962681260","https://openalex.org/W2972436047","https://openalex.org/W2990063943","https://openalex.org/W2996811802","https://openalex.org/W3003243762","https://openalex.org/W3022893663","https://openalex.org/W6602313135","https://openalex.org/W6736933893","https://openalex.org/W6750824098","https://openalex.org/W6753614348","https://openalex.org/W6763541049","https://openalex.org/W6781484645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944823289","https://openalex.org/W3037018281","https://openalex.org/W2972592048","https://openalex.org/W2358319515","https://openalex.org/W4321854979","https://openalex.org/W2003209439","https://openalex.org/W2497626292","https://openalex.org/W4312214821","https://openalex.org/W4361862506","https://openalex.org/W2390344072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ramp":[0],"merging":[1,31,42,48,59,191],"is":[2,187],"considered":[3],"as":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,26,64,102,168],"the":[7,14,30,58,65,86,89,93,117,121,124,128,137,142,162,166,180,190],"most":[8,63],"difficult":[9],"driving":[10],"scenarios":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,50,55,88,136,179],"chaotic":[15],"nature":[16],"in":[17,29,110,116,127,141,152],"both":[18],"longitudinal":[19],"and":[20,104,131,139,170],"lateral":[21],"driver":[22],"behaviors":[23],"(namely":[24],"lack":[25],"effective":[27],"coordination)":[28],"area.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"study,":[35],"we":[36,73],"have":[37],"designed":[38],"a":[39,75],"cooperative":[40],"ramp":[41],"system":[43,164],"for":[44],"connected":[45],"vehicles,":[46],"allowing":[47],"vehicles":[49,103,138],"cooperate":[51],"with":[52,113,123,155,173],"others":[53],"prior":[54],"arriving":[56],"at":[57],"zone.":[60],"Different":[61],"from":[62],"existing":[66],"studies":[67],"that":[68],"utilize":[69],"dedicated":[70],"short-range":[71],"communication,":[72],"adopt":[74],"Digital":[76,100],"Twin":[77],"approach":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80],"vehicle-to-cloud":[81],"communication.":[82],"On-board":[83],"devices":[84],"upload":[85],"data":[87,122],"cloud":[90],"server":[91,98],"through":[92],"4G/LTE":[94],"cellular":[95],"network.":[96],"The":[97,159],"creates":[99],"Twins":[101],"drivers":[105,140],"whose":[106],"parameters":[107],"are":[108],"synchronized":[109],"real":[111],"time":[112],"their":[114],"counterparts":[115],"physical":[118,143],"world,":[119,130],"processes":[120],"proposed":[125,163],"models":[126],"digital":[129],"sends":[132],"advisory":[133,185],"information":[134,186],"back":[135],"world.":[144],"A":[145],"real-world":[146],"field":[147],"implementation":[148],"has":[149],"been":[150],"conducted":[151],"Riverside,":[153],"California,":[154],"three":[156],"passenger":[157],"vehicles.":[158],"results":[160],"show":[161],"addresses":[165],"issues":[167],"safety":[169],"environmental":[171],"sustainability":[172],"an":[174],"acceptable":[175],"communication":[176],"delay,":[177],"compared":[178],"baseline":[181],"scenario":[182],"where":[183],"no":[184],"provided":[188],"during":[189],"process.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-05-31T08:46:17.908082","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
