{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115525335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","title":"Bi-Objective Optimization for Battery Electric Bus Deployment Considering Cost and Environmental Equity","display_name":"Bi-Objective Optimization for Battery Electric Bus Deployment Considering Cost and Environmental Equity","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115525335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","mag":"3115525335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091519906","display_name":"Yirong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yirong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015169675","display_name":"Xiaoyue Cathy Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyue Cathy Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-891X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011421770","display_name":"Ran Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-1712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Policy, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Policy, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021198509","display_name":"Aaron Golub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Golub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091519906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92349705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"2487","last_page":"2497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8790924549102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.7506723403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.6567294597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.47227606177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.46766698360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.4664708077907562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.4203892946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"Sustainable transport","score":0.4150051176548004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-rapid-transit","display_name":"Bus rapid transit","score":0.41012006998062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4010189473628998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3855544924736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33269011974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3267565369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.22129857540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.14202317595481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.10062071681022644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8790924549102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.7506723403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.6567294597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.47227606177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.46766698360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.4664708077907562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.4203892946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157181609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364310","display_name":"Sustainable transport","level":3,"score":0.4150051176548004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779697334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878855","display_name":"Bus rapid transit","level":3,"score":0.41012006998062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4010189473628998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3855544924736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33269011974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3267565369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.22129857540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14202317595481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.10062071681022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3043687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu:trec_reports-1222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_reports/218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196300","display_name":"PDXScholar  (Portland State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","host_organization_name":"Portland State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TREC Final Reports","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu:usp_fac-1291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/usp_fac/288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196300","display_name":"PDXScholar  (Portland State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","host_organization_name":"Portland State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316842","display_name":"National Institute for Transportation and Communities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29225958","https://openalex.org/W333072701","https://openalex.org/W1483431698","https://openalex.org/W1683314109","https://openalex.org/W1703748868","https://openalex.org/W1973834760","https://openalex.org/W1996224299","https://openalex.org/W1997908919","https://openalex.org/W2009441521","https://openalex.org/W2014108548","https://openalex.org/W2020715838","https://openalex.org/W2037547355","https://openalex.org/W2047084163","https://openalex.org/W2048040035","https://openalex.org/W2070240374","https://openalex.org/W2074984119","https://openalex.org/W2081677832","https://openalex.org/W2111573683","https://openalex.org/W2135002781","https://openalex.org/W2137688748","https://openalex.org/W2139037955","https://openalex.org/W2150806597","https://openalex.org/W2342732769","https://openalex.org/W2464869896","https://openalex.org/W2527463215","https://openalex.org/W2531786212","https://openalex.org/W2584538762","https://openalex.org/W2593451420","https://openalex.org/W2603621654","https://openalex.org/W2751797387","https://openalex.org/W2774106938","https://openalex.org/W2795717646","https://openalex.org/W2803963700","https://openalex.org/W2895660805","https://openalex.org/W2947668931","https://openalex.org/W2963747972","https://openalex.org/W2972917299","https://openalex.org/W2984172750","https://openalex.org/W3002950711","https://openalex.org/W3006185976","https://openalex.org/W3006948548","https://openalex.org/W3010257512","https://openalex.org/W4238521851","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6680271534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013880624","https://openalex.org/W2019455075","https://openalex.org/W4311461676","https://openalex.org/W2377880878","https://openalex.org/W2380322874","https://openalex.org/W2387166097","https://openalex.org/W2036404326","https://openalex.org/W2990658648","https://openalex.org/W2623386533","https://openalex.org/W1987503588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustainable":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,41,52,98,108,169,184,191],"the":[3,8,11,14,19,42,50,79,96,99,104,125,131,137,149,154,163,182,185,192,202],"transport":[4],"system":[5,94,102,127,151],"has":[6,30],"been":[7,31],"consensus":[9],"around":[10],"world":[12],"for":[13,22,75,117,136,204,212],"past":[15,80],"decades.":[16],"Encouraged":[17],"by":[18,153],"urgent":[20],"need":[21,218],"cleaner":[23],"alternatives":[24],"to":[25,90,120,124,129,159,180,207,219,226],"fossil":[26],"fuels,":[27],"vehicle":[28],"electrification":[29],"advancing":[32],"at":[33,49],"an":[34],"unprecedented":[35],"pace.":[36],"As":[37],"a":[38,87,113,167,228],"major":[39],"component":[40],"multimodal":[43],"transportation":[44,229],"system,":[45],"public":[46,100],"transit":[47,101,150,205],"is":[48,72,85,145],"forefront":[51],"adopting":[53],"battery":[54],"technology":[55],"into":[56],"its":[57],"operation.":[58],"Battery":[59],"Electric":[60],"Bus":[61],"(BEB),":[62],"with":[63],"superior":[64],"features":[65],"such":[66],"as":[67,166],"zero-emission":[68],"and":[69,103,128,140,197,224,235],"reduced":[70],"noise,":[71],"made":[73],"ready":[74],"commercial":[76],"deployment":[77,119,173,210],"in":[78,189],"several":[81],"years.":[82],"However,":[83],"it":[84],"still":[86],"grand":[88],"challenge":[89],"successfully":[91],"deploy":[92],"BEB":[93,118,126,170,213],"given":[95],"nature":[97],"unique":[105,123],"spatio-temporal":[106],"characteristics":[107],"BEB.":[109],"This":[110,199],"research":[111,200],"presents":[112],"bi-objective":[114],"optimization":[115],"model":[116,144],"consider":[121],"constraints":[122],"address":[130],"trade-off":[132],"between":[133],"environmental":[134],"equity":[135],"disadvantaged":[138],"population":[139],"capital":[141],"investment.":[142],"The":[143,187],"further":[146,195],"demonstrated":[147],"using":[148],"operated":[152],"Utah":[155],"Transit":[156],"Authority":[157],"(UTA)":[158],"offer":[160],"insights":[161],"on":[162],"benefits":[164],"gained":[165],"result":[168],"deployment.":[171],"Optimal":[172],"plans":[174,193],"under":[175],"different":[176],"budgets":[177],"are":[178,194],"provided":[179],"illustrate":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"model.":[186],"trade-offs":[188],"each":[190],"discussed":[196],"compared.":[198],"set":[201],"foundation":[203],"agencies":[206],"develop":[208],"optimal":[209],"strategies":[211],"systems":[214],"when":[215],"multiple":[216],"goals":[217],"be":[220],"considered,":[221],"allowing":[222],"planners":[223],"decision-makers":[225],"create":[227],"ecosystem":[230],"that":[231],"better":[232],"serves":[233],"livable":[234],"sustainable":[236],"communities.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
