{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109219900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","title":"Near-Infrared Imaging Photoplethysmography During Driving","display_name":"Near-Infrared Imaging Photoplethysmography During Driving","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109219900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","mag":"3109219900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082084506","display_name":"Ewa M. Nowara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ewa M. Nowara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008369672","display_name":"Tim K. Marks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim K. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101648073","display_name":"Hassan Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-9885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073971393","display_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-7460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082084506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266","https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92132925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3589","last_page":"3600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286182045936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.6530925631523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6325796842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6187455654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5565348863601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.47877585887908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.41047540307044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1059015691280365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286182045936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.6530925631523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6325796842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6187455654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5565348863601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.47877585887908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.41047540307044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1059015691280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3038317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1266054879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1652633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1917391697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1730574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4928156857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5R01DK113269-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135499680","https://openalex.org/W1409384502","https://openalex.org/W1585406901","https://openalex.org/W1975640241","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W2002282659","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2008821584","https://openalex.org/W2022351629","https://openalex.org/W2029745771","https://openalex.org/W2030535482","https://openalex.org/W2032693829","https://openalex.org/W2052604480","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2071878275","https://openalex.org/W2083638830","https://openalex.org/W2103978011","https://openalex.org/W2143550175","https://openalex.org/W2160936727","https://openalex.org/W2171801645","https://openalex.org/W2212765426","https://openalex.org/W2263357599","https://openalex.org/W2313162477","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2472200183","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2591148922","https://openalex.org/W2597037511","https://openalex.org/W2724592263","https://openalex.org/W2767536931","https://openalex.org/W2803279846","https://openalex.org/W2891834928","https://openalex.org/W2905001361","https://openalex.org/W2906548844","https://openalex.org/W2944244093","https://openalex.org/W2963525576","https://openalex.org/W2996793765","https://openalex.org/W3105850342","https://openalex.org/W3198433825","https://openalex.org/W6681030710","https://openalex.org/W6682173217","https://openalex.org/W6687993641","https://openalex.org/W6800940727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W4328132048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imaging":[0],"photoplethysmography":[1],"(iPPG)":[2],"could":[3],"greatly":[4],"improve":[5],"driver":[6,15,52],"safety":[7],"systems":[8],"by":[9],"enabling":[10],"capabilities":[11],"ranging":[12],"from":[13],"identifying":[14],"fatigue":[16],"to":[17,30,67],"unobtrusive":[18],"early":[19],"heart":[20,100],"failure":[21],"detection.":[22],"Unfortunately,":[23],"the":[24,45,116,126,133],"driving":[25,42,137],"context":[26],"poses":[27],"unique":[28],"challenges":[29],"iPPG,":[31],"including":[32],"illumination":[33,38],"and":[34,97,121,143],"motion.":[35],"First,":[36,80],"drastic":[37],"variations":[39,90],"present":[40,77,105],"during":[41,55],"can":[43,85],"overwhelm":[44],"small":[46],"intensity-based":[47],"iPPG":[48,69,119],"signals.":[49,70],"Second,":[50,103],"significant":[51],"head":[53],"motion":[54,61],"driving,":[56],"as":[57,59],"well":[58],"camera":[60],"(e.g.,":[62],"vibration)":[63],"make":[64],"it":[65],"challenging":[66],"recover":[68],"To":[71],"address":[72],"these":[73],"two":[74,78],"challenges,":[75],"we":[76,81,84,104,111,131],"innovations.":[79],"demonstrate":[82],"that":[83,114,139],"reduce":[86],"most":[87],"outside":[88],"light":[89],"using":[91],"narrow-band":[92],"near-infrared":[93],"(NIR)":[94],"video":[95,145],"recordings":[96,146],"obtain":[98],"reliable":[99],"rate":[101],"estimates.":[102],"a":[106,148],"novel":[107],"optimization":[108],"algorithm,":[109],"which":[110],"call":[112],"AutoSparsePPG,":[113],"leverages":[115],"quasi-periodicity":[117],"of":[118,147],"signals":[120],"achieves":[122],"better":[123],"performance":[124],"than":[125],"state-of-the-art":[127],"methods.":[128],"In":[129],"addition,":[130],"release":[132],"first":[134],"publicly":[135],"available":[136],"dataset":[138],"contains":[140],"both":[141],"NIR":[142],"RGB":[144],"passenger\u2019s":[149],"face":[150],"with":[151],"simultaneous":[152],"ground":[153],"truth":[154],"pulse":[155],"oximeter":[156],"recordings.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}