{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093598634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","title":"Probabilistic Pedestrian Models for Estimating Unobserved Road Populations","display_name":"Probabilistic Pedestrian Models for Estimating Unobserved Road Populations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093598634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","mag":"3093598634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034538103","display_name":"Tomoharu Iwata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-1971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoharu Iwata","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-1971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087232767","display_name":"Hitoshi Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-2826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058530498","display_name":"Naoki Marumo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Marumo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14759312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3037","last_page":"3047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7643955945968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7098597288131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5910756587982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5881415605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5291079878807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.49797797203063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4631044268608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.4617697298526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.438279390335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4313495457172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33936265110969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22224369645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.21129551529884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2069733738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1890036165714264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7643955945968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7098597288131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5910756587982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5881415605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5291079878807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.49797797203063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4631044268608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.4617697298526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.438279390335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4313495457172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33936265110969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22224369645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.21129551529884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2069733738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1890036165714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3030281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14071851","https://openalex.org/W94804198","https://openalex.org/W1480487340","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1882303714","https://openalex.org/W1970701242","https://openalex.org/W1994377164","https://openalex.org/W2011479284","https://openalex.org/W2015535425","https://openalex.org/W2020895320","https://openalex.org/W2020934359","https://openalex.org/W2035143634","https://openalex.org/W2036785686","https://openalex.org/W2073640212","https://openalex.org/W2078100061","https://openalex.org/W2092260586","https://openalex.org/W2097498150","https://openalex.org/W2098865491","https://openalex.org/W2103422354","https://openalex.org/W2106317109","https://openalex.org/W2115068461","https://openalex.org/W2124456398","https://openalex.org/W2132713448","https://openalex.org/W2144240983","https://openalex.org/W2145175424","https://openalex.org/W2153207204","https://openalex.org/W2154573618","https://openalex.org/W2186582064","https://openalex.org/W2341949230","https://openalex.org/W2502179697","https://openalex.org/W2520457393","https://openalex.org/W2528040708","https://openalex.org/W2528639018","https://openalex.org/W2530386080","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2729281059","https://openalex.org/W2774284322","https://openalex.org/W2897979852","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2963440544","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2989637561","https://openalex.org/W2990815422","https://openalex.org/W3100016764","https://openalex.org/W3145671133","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4230809916","https://openalex.org/W4238668657","https://openalex.org/W4297755719","https://openalex.org/W6600552058","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637531106","https://openalex.org/W6659849045","https://openalex.org/W6676030217","https://openalex.org/W6681501844","https://openalex.org/W6686871854","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6728547873","https://openalex.org/W6735632219","https://openalex.org/W6739977115","https://openalex.org/W6744582628","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6770493130","https://openalex.org/W6792868123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990323019","https://openalex.org/W2014494654","https://openalex.org/W3130349901","https://openalex.org/W1579833936","https://openalex.org/W2095350775","https://openalex.org/W1952261593","https://openalex.org/W2115713555","https://openalex.org/W2014842417","https://openalex.org/W2545529375","https://openalex.org/W2005979690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,188],"propose":[1],"a":[2,20,26,77,86,92,214,219],"probabilistic":[3,78],"model":[4,32,72,178],"of":[5,23,28,104,120,213],"pedestrian":[6,42,64],"behavior":[7],"for":[8,132,204],"estimating":[9],"the":[10,16,41,61,67,81,101,110,121,125,136,140,146,151,154,176,198],"population":[11,43,207],"at":[12,19,48],"each":[13,46,49,116,133],"road":[14,87,98,158,181],"given":[15,147],"observed":[17,155],"populations":[18,159,182,201],"limited":[21],"number":[22],"roads":[24,59,114],"and":[25,52,129,135,156,169,197],"set":[27],"routes.":[29],"Our":[30],"proposed":[31,71,122,177],"has":[33],"latent":[34,137],"variables":[35,138],"called":[36],"route":[37,47,141,195,200],"populations,":[38,196],"which":[39],"represent":[40],"who":[44],"starts":[45],"time":[50,82],"period,":[51],"assumes":[53],"that":[54,95,175,191],"pedestrians":[55],"stochastically":[56],"walk":[57],"through":[58],"along":[60],"route.":[62,117],"The":[63,70,118],"depends":[65,96],"on":[66,97,115,139,161,218],"road\u2019s":[68],"congestion.":[69,99],"incorporates":[73],"this":[74],"dependence":[75,126],"in":[76],"framework,":[79],"where":[80],"length":[83],"to":[84,90],"pass":[85],"is":[88],"assumed":[89],"follow":[91],"Gaussian":[93,105],"distribution":[94],"With":[100],"reproducing":[102,205],"property":[103],"distribution,":[106],"we":[107,173],"analytically":[108],"derive":[109],"transition":[111],"probability":[112],"between":[113,127,153],"parameters":[119],"method,":[123],"including":[124],"congestion":[128,131],"speed,":[130],"road,":[134],"population,":[142],"are":[143,202],"estimated":[144,157,199],"from":[145],"data":[148,171],"by":[149],"minimizing":[150],"error":[152],"based":[160,217],"gradient-based":[162],"optimization":[163],"methods.":[164,187],"In":[165],"experiments":[166],"with":[167],"simulated":[168],"real-world":[170,206],"sets,":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"can":[179],"estimate":[180],"more":[183],"accurately":[184],"than":[185],"existing":[186],"also":[189],"confirm":[190],"it":[192],"effectively":[193],"estimates":[194],"useful":[203],"dynamics":[208],"when":[209],"used":[210],"as":[211],"inputs":[212],"crowd":[215],"simulator":[216],"multi-agent":[220],"system.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
