{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094055170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","title":"An Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Model for Real-Time Dispatching of Electric Autonomous Taxis","display_name":"An Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Model for Real-Time Dispatching of Electric Autonomous Taxis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094055170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","mag":"3094055170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047092464","display_name":"Liang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6351-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, Canada","Huawei Technologies Canada Company Ltd., Burnaby, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Canada Company Ltd., Burnaby, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023979953","display_name":"Jing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-8430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047092464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70281376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"1519","last_page":"1528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxis","display_name":"Taxis","score":0.972934365272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6124334931373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5049813389778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-dispatch","display_name":"Economic dispatch","score":0.48030537366867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.44988563656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39545926451683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38938987255096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3591676950454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24157500267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.17012864351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.12138423323631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09919190406799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07260346412658691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183373512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949618","display_name":"Taxis","level":2,"score":0.972934365272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6124334931373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5049813389778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.48030537366867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44988563656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39545926451683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38938987255096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3591676950454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24157500267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.17012864351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.12138423323631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09919190406799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07260346412658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3029141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:ccee_pubs-1295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ccee_pubs/291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W855132903","https://openalex.org/W1568695693","https://openalex.org/W1581885330","https://openalex.org/W1872998412","https://openalex.org/W2011481463","https://openalex.org/W2025766355","https://openalex.org/W2041501777","https://openalex.org/W2075406228","https://openalex.org/W2095169634","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2139688603","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2160865385","https://openalex.org/W2282537201","https://openalex.org/W2336603544","https://openalex.org/W2440581941","https://openalex.org/W2480327167","https://openalex.org/W2511526250","https://openalex.org/W2525536947","https://openalex.org/W2569460227","https://openalex.org/W2582376126","https://openalex.org/W2742211145","https://openalex.org/W2753588970","https://openalex.org/W2760724745","https://openalex.org/W2778436536","https://openalex.org/W2786531556","https://openalex.org/W2790769276","https://openalex.org/W2791059495","https://openalex.org/W2803952469","https://openalex.org/W2805435043","https://openalex.org/W2808810245","https://openalex.org/W2810335761","https://openalex.org/W2865164744","https://openalex.org/W2886813916","https://openalex.org/W2909452395","https://openalex.org/W2948650589","https://openalex.org/W3003856821","https://openalex.org/W3012264151","https://openalex.org/W6610832654","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6683945318","https://openalex.org/W6721477558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731640799","https://openalex.org/W3145095895","https://openalex.org/W2594548639","https://openalex.org/W2978498151","https://openalex.org/W2782837293","https://openalex.org/W2388377527","https://openalex.org/W565532978","https://openalex.org/W1946755446","https://openalex.org/W2376563300","https://openalex.org/W1990144832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,155],"real-time":[4],"dispatching":[5,23],"model":[6,62,85,99,114,134],"for":[7,39],"electric":[8,50],"autonomous":[9,51],"vehicle":[10],"(EAV)":[11],"taxis":[12,52,129,145],"that":[13,34,53,126],"combines":[14],"mathematical":[15],"programming":[16],"and":[17,27,105],"machine":[18],"learning.":[19],"The":[20,42,60],"EAV":[21,128,144],"taxi":[22,163],"problem":[24],"is":[25,92],"formulated":[26],"solved":[28],"as":[29],"an":[30],"integer":[31],"linear":[32],"program":[33],"maximizes":[35],"the":[36,57,66,73,78,83,89,96,111,127,161],"total":[37],"reward":[38],"serving":[40],"customers.":[41],"optimal":[43,74],"dispatch":[44,69,75,79,98,113],"solutions":[45,70],"are":[46,54,86],"generated":[47],"by":[48,56,82,131,139,151],"simulating":[49],"dispatched":[55,130],"optimization":[58,67,97],"model.":[59],"artificial-neural-network-(ANN)-based":[61],"was":[63,124],"trained":[64],"using":[65],"model\u2019s":[68],"to":[71,95],"learn":[72],"strategies.":[76],"Although":[77],"decisions":[80],"made":[81],"ANN-based":[84,112,133],"not":[87],"optimal,":[88],"system\u2019s":[90],"performance":[91],"very":[93],"close":[94],"in":[100],"terms":[101],"of":[102,158],"customer":[103],"service":[104,159],"taxis\u2019":[106],"operational":[107,137],"efficiency.":[108],"In":[109],"addition,":[110],"runs":[115],"much":[116],"faster.":[117],"By":[118],"comparing":[119],"with":[120,160],"current":[121,162],"taxis,":[122],"it":[123],"found":[125],"our":[132],"can":[135,146],"improve":[136],"efficiency":[138],"reducing":[140],"empty":[141],"travel":[142],"distance.":[143],"also":[147],"reduce":[148],"fleet":[149],"size":[150],"15%":[152],"while":[153],"maintaining":[154],"comparable":[156],"level":[157],"fleet.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}