{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048576663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","title":"Incorporating Phase Rotation Into a Person-Based Signal Timing Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Incorporating Phase Rotation Into a Person-Based Signal Timing Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048576663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","mag":"3048576663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083876527","display_name":"Zhengyao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-5934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302485747","display_name":"Verizon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdyxx64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Verizon Wireless, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-5934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Verizon Wireless, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047905660","display_name":"Guanhao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-6357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanhao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003021595","display_name":"Vikash V. Gayah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-3360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikash V. Gayah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-3360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031027645","display_name":"Eleni Christofa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-5558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Christofa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-5558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083876527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62414594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"513","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.7580291628837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6838167309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6420005559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6306846737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5936400890350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-timing","display_name":"Signal timing","score":0.5819939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5581903457641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5395210981369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4932391047477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44939830899238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3844563961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3700748682022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3346690535545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.257049024105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-signal","display_name":"Traffic signal","score":0.24610435962677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22313693165779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19218936562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.08107641339302063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7580291628837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6838167309761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6420005559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6306846737861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5936400890350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512741","display_name":"Signal timing","level":3,"score":0.5819939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5581903457641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5395210981369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4932391047477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44939830899238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3844563961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3700748682022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3346690535545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.257049024105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987419075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8004","display_name":"Traffic signal","level":2,"score":0.24610435962677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22313693165779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19218936562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.08107641339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3012529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:340f33c4-9e19-4988-b86f-8e99033ee04e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/340f33c4-9e19-4988-b86f-8e99033ee04e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31615027","https://openalex.org/W61646296","https://openalex.org/W75399273","https://openalex.org/W1954538896","https://openalex.org/W1985214627","https://openalex.org/W2019335125","https://openalex.org/W2028719520","https://openalex.org/W2045419217","https://openalex.org/W2069286696","https://openalex.org/W2097566995","https://openalex.org/W2099922000","https://openalex.org/W2119081116","https://openalex.org/W2139989727","https://openalex.org/W2141632364","https://openalex.org/W2143147594","https://openalex.org/W2199293232","https://openalex.org/W2296010832","https://openalex.org/W2339416705","https://openalex.org/W2417891663","https://openalex.org/W2466745072","https://openalex.org/W2516065338","https://openalex.org/W2532531697","https://openalex.org/W2536620281","https://openalex.org/W2560171794","https://openalex.org/W2745368703","https://openalex.org/W2750511421","https://openalex.org/W2803939043","https://openalex.org/W2809127042","https://openalex.org/W2868694895","https://openalex.org/W2971481244","https://openalex.org/W3123094383","https://openalex.org/W4238484605","https://openalex.org/W6601301251","https://openalex.org/W6602461732","https://openalex.org/W6616312785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382294224","https://openalex.org/W1987888980","https://openalex.org/W2386201664","https://openalex.org/W3046839071","https://openalex.org/W4235810826","https://openalex.org/W2977731366","https://openalex.org/W2061234550","https://openalex.org/W2379383850","https://openalex.org/W2992491848","https://openalex.org/W2166248829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,36,158],"person-based":[4,32],"traffic":[5],"signal":[6,12,41],"optimization":[7],"algorithm":[8],"that":[9,34,109],"simultaneously":[10],"optimizes":[11],"phase":[13,74,110,155,165,171],"sequence,":[14],"cycle":[15],"length,":[16],"and":[17,49,54,154],"green":[18],"split":[19],"to":[20,39,71,88,141,148,169],"minimize":[21],"total":[22],"person":[23,114,129,151],"delay":[24,115,152],"at":[25],"an":[26,85,101],"intersection.":[27],"It":[28],"builds":[29],"upon":[30],"previous":[31],"work":[33],"uses":[35],"mathematical":[37,64],"program":[38,65,77],"optimize":[40],"timings":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44],"real-time":[45],"passenger":[46,55],"car":[47],"flows":[48],"knowledge":[50],"of":[51,100,138,144],"bus":[52],"arrivals":[53],"occupancies.":[56],"Phase":[57],"rotation":[58,111,156],"is":[59,95,123],"directly":[60,82],"accommodated":[61],"within":[62],"the":[63,73,119,136,142,150,164],"by":[66,133],"introducing":[67],"new":[68],"binary":[69],"variables":[70],"describe":[72],"sequence.":[75],"The":[76,92,106],"can":[78,112,160],"either":[79],"be":[80,161],"solved":[81],"or":[83],"through":[84],"enumeration":[86],"approach":[87],"reduce":[89,113],"computational":[90],"complexity.":[91],"proposed":[93],"method":[94],"tested":[96],"using":[97],"numerical":[98],"simulations":[99],"intersection":[102,120],"in":[103,128,163],"Athens,":[104],"Greece.":[105],"results":[107],"reveal":[108],"significantly,":[116],"especially":[117],"when":[118],"flow":[121],"ratio":[122],"relatively":[124],"low.":[125],"These":[126],"reductions":[127],"delays":[130],"are":[131],"achieved":[132],"implicitly":[134],"prioritizing":[135],"movement":[137],"high-occupancy":[139],"buses":[140],"detriment":[143],"lower-occupancy":[145],"cars.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"balance":[149],"reduction":[153],"frequency,":[157],"threshold":[159],"applied":[162],"sequence":[166],"selection":[167],"process":[168],"eliminate":[170],"rotations":[172],"actions":[173],"with":[174],"limited":[175],"benefits.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}