{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048800837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","title":"A Novel Emergent Intelligence Technique for Public Transport Vehicle Allocation Problem in a Dynamic Transportation System","display_name":"A Novel Emergent Intelligence Technique for Public Transport Vehicle Allocation Problem in a Dynamic Transportation System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048800837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","mag":"3048800837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029687","display_name":"Suresh Chavhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-0217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["BR","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Chavhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Research Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-0217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Research Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853815","display_name":"Deepak Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-7161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-7161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110841045","display_name":"B. N. Chandana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53508799","display_name":"Tumkur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j63m808","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53508799"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandana B. N.","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIT Tumakuru, Tumakuru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-6732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIT Tumakuru, Tumakuru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53508799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052434187","display_name":"C. Ramesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-1948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Kumar Chidambaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Research Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-1948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Research Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089689368","display_name":"Ashish Khanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8418-3929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076776322","display_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-3800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","Post-Graduation Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-3800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post-Graduation Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8209802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"5389","last_page":"5402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.7319245338439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-area","display_name":"Metropolitan area","score":0.6694042682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.6489651203155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.6120574474334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6084423065185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6046314835548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.597289502620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.56819748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5213066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.500023365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.46594512462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.44246265292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.39068877696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2792116105556488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21033704280853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.10006323456764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08604255318641663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.7319245338439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6694042682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.6489651203155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.6120574474334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6084423065185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6046314835548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.597289502620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.56819748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5213066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.500023365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.46594512462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.44246265292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.39068877696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2792116105556488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21033704280853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.10006323456764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08604255318641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3011198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3571510377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"309335/2017-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8766521297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/EEA/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130270587","https://openalex.org/W601657671","https://openalex.org/W1598133311","https://openalex.org/W1980513075","https://openalex.org/W1982026069","https://openalex.org/W1999586794","https://openalex.org/W2007713833","https://openalex.org/W2010117142","https://openalex.org/W2017599421","https://openalex.org/W2050898062","https://openalex.org/W2056794906","https://openalex.org/W2061870083","https://openalex.org/W2079838248","https://openalex.org/W2094965226","https://openalex.org/W2101470837","https://openalex.org/W2102993795","https://openalex.org/W2124640275","https://openalex.org/W2127350252","https://openalex.org/W2141305392","https://openalex.org/W2325932209","https://openalex.org/W2343480289","https://openalex.org/W2351217382","https://openalex.org/W2516980995","https://openalex.org/W2610224557","https://openalex.org/W2769987376","https://openalex.org/W2811511976","https://openalex.org/W2895733006","https://openalex.org/W2921635086","https://openalex.org/W2921903584","https://openalex.org/W2922181719","https://openalex.org/W2926133619","https://openalex.org/W2946769399","https://openalex.org/W2953583753","https://openalex.org/W2972125603","https://openalex.org/W2976809000","https://openalex.org/W2990456231","https://openalex.org/W3006417756","https://openalex.org/W3007578538","https://openalex.org/W3008762932","https://openalex.org/W3012094235","https://openalex.org/W3017480354","https://openalex.org/W3033029514","https://openalex.org/W6605301491","https://openalex.org/W6678716442","https://openalex.org/W6680772834","https://openalex.org/W6764743718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571141552","https://openalex.org/W2093086151","https://openalex.org/W4386067343","https://openalex.org/W4294250823","https://openalex.org/W1992500430","https://openalex.org/W55936454","https://openalex.org/W2095572632","https://openalex.org/W2944249426","https://openalex.org/W4294609170","https://openalex.org/W129955550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"transport":[1,48,63,88,130],"systems":[2],"in":[3,73],"a":[4,59,74,146],"metropolitan":[5,75],"area":[6],"experiences":[7],"several":[8],"complex":[9],"issues,":[10],"like":[11],"resource":[12,14,17,103],"scarcity,":[13],"allocation,":[15],"congestion,":[16],"reliability":[18,162,189],"and":[19,30,50,107,127,141,161,172,185,197,203],"so":[20],"on,":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,43,123],"the":[24,81,94,115,118,200],"dynamic":[25,61],"arrivals":[26],"of":[27,33,38,47,110,158,180,183,188],"heterogeneous":[28],"commuter":[29],"exceptional":[31],"occurrence":[32],"unforeseen":[34],"events.":[35],"The":[36,133,164,191],"progress":[37],"these":[39],"issues":[40],"may":[41],"lead":[42],"economic":[44],"losses,":[45],"under-utilization":[46],"resources,":[49,159],"commuters\u2019":[51,100,176],"queuing":[52],"delay.":[53],"In":[54,77,114],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,79],"propose":[58],"novel":[60],"public":[62,87],"vehicle":[64],"allocation":[65],"scheme":[66,166],"based":[67],"on":[68],"Emergent":[69],"Intelligence":[70],"(EI)":[71],"technique":[72,96,120,136],"area.":[76],"addition,":[78],"demonstrate":[80],"EI":[82,95,119,135],"technique\u2019s":[83],"capability":[84],"for":[85,156],"solving":[86],"system":[89],"problems.":[90],"To":[91],"do":[92],"so,":[93],"maintains":[97],"historical":[98],"information,":[99],"arrival":[101,177],"rates,":[102,178],"avaialability,":[104],"deficit":[105],"resources":[106,109,131],"surplus":[108],"neighbor":[111],"depots\u2019s":[112],"agent.":[113,150],"proposed":[116,134,165,192],"scheme,":[117],"is":[121,167],"utilized":[122],"collect,":[124],"analyze,":[125],"share":[126],"optimally":[128],"allocate":[129],"effectively.":[132],"provides":[137],"reliable":[138,147],"services":[139],"(allocation":[140],"scheduling)":[142],"by":[143,170],"coordinating":[144],"with":[145,174],"neighborhood":[148],"depot\u2019s":[149],"We":[151],"have":[152],"build":[153],"mathematical":[154],"models":[155],"estimation":[157],"utilization":[160],"parameters.":[163,190],"exhaustively":[168],"tested":[169],"simulation":[171,196],"analyzed":[173],"varying":[175],"number":[179,182],"vehicles,":[181],"requests,":[184],"different":[186],"values":[187],"scheme\u2019s":[193],"results":[194],"(analytical,":[195],"comparison)":[198],"show":[199],"reliabiltiy,":[201],"accuracy":[202],"real":[204],"time":[205],"deployability.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}