{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008233425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","title":"Users\u2019 Response to Critical Situations in Automated Driving: Rear-Ends, Sideswipes, and False Warnings","display_name":"Users\u2019 Response to Critical Situations in Automated Driving: Rear-Ends, Sideswipes, and False Warnings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008233425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","mag":"3008233425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037566757","display_name":"Alberto Morando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Morando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-6773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017953936","display_name":"Trent Victor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-2411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Victor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","Volvo Cars Safety Center, Volvo Cars Corporation, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars Safety Center, Volvo Cars Corporation, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033286178","display_name":"Klaus Bengler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-6093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Bengler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042990848","display_name":"Marco Dozza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dozza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6544-4281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91987131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"2809","last_page":"2822"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5904268622398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.5617048740386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.550540566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5338324904441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.488489031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time","display_name":"Response time","score":0.48415595293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42945438623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.365540087223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27271348237991333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5904268622398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.5617048740386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.550540566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5338324904441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.488489031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.48415595293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42945438623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.365540087223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27271348237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2975429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1652180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1652180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:515568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/515568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:524342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/539a3aa2-8a42-495a-acdc-8be32a49677f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3006310540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PITN\u2013GA\u20132013\u2013605817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320217","funder_display_name":"Marie Curie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320217","display_name":"Marie Curie","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqv1x10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176201993","https://openalex.org/W614764939","https://openalex.org/W793873541","https://openalex.org/W1833284595","https://openalex.org/W1857053476","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1973862753","https://openalex.org/W1979986433","https://openalex.org/W1993710471","https://openalex.org/W2000617596","https://openalex.org/W2047102900","https://openalex.org/W2064604759","https://openalex.org/W2072656892","https://openalex.org/W2074331253","https://openalex.org/W2117074369","https://openalex.org/W2117676721","https://openalex.org/W2119374926","https://openalex.org/W2164019452","https://openalex.org/W2166821800","https://openalex.org/W2181783738","https://openalex.org/W2209580960","https://openalex.org/W2217402295","https://openalex.org/W2266006640","https://openalex.org/W2311191605","https://openalex.org/W2340043522","https://openalex.org/W2379594775","https://openalex.org/W2484383096","https://openalex.org/W2496483613","https://openalex.org/W2507458234","https://openalex.org/W2530815533","https://openalex.org/W2562982737","https://openalex.org/W2596596865","https://openalex.org/W2607232342","https://openalex.org/W2650216849","https://openalex.org/W2699373970","https://openalex.org/W2742569683","https://openalex.org/W2743280949","https://openalex.org/W2745662982","https://openalex.org/W2750875423","https://openalex.org/W2793799108","https://openalex.org/W2795577589","https://openalex.org/W2886212664","https://openalex.org/W2892156502","https://openalex.org/W2895365406","https://openalex.org/W2905233554","https://openalex.org/W2907283208","https://openalex.org/W2917892810","https://openalex.org/W2919609362","https://openalex.org/W2951815992","https://openalex.org/W2963977107","https://openalex.org/W3124625789","https://openalex.org/W4225555528","https://openalex.org/W4249083122","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6638464579","https://openalex.org/W6693429399","https://openalex.org/W6766432192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258033839","https://openalex.org/W4297884099","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W4391055430","https://openalex.org/W3214769583","https://openalex.org/W2116812645","https://openalex.org/W1980239608","https://openalex.org/W4377157894","https://openalex.org/W2395327451","https://openalex.org/W3009214786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"an":[1,7,95,163],"automated":[2],"vehicle":[3,65],"may":[4,11],"operate":[5],"for":[6,198,239,243],"extended":[8],"time,":[9],"it":[10,158],"suddenly":[12],"request":[13],"a":[14,42,78,90,134,140,203,230,237],"user's":[15],"intervention":[16,207],"in":[17,38,229],"critical":[18,40],"situations":[19],"(i.e.,":[20],"beyond":[21],"the":[22,28,46,54,70,115,120,153,168,185,194,210,224],"system's":[23],"operational":[24],"design":[25],"domain).":[26],"Despite":[27],"proliferation":[29],"of":[30,45,58,72,126,155,172,184,196,200,206,246],"studies":[31,241],"to":[32,61,119],"understand":[33],"how":[34],"users":[35,60],"resume":[36],"control":[37,201],"such":[39],"situations,":[41],"systematic":[43],"analysis":[44],"whole":[47,186],"response":[48,56,101,137,187],"process":[49,57,102,188],"is":[50],"necessary.":[51],"We":[52,67,226],"analyzed":[53],"visual-motor":[55],"distracted":[59],"front":[62],"and":[63,75,151,167,170,179,242],"lateral":[64],"conflicts.":[66],"also":[68],"investigated":[69],"effect":[71,117,125,195,212],"false":[73],"warnings":[74,197],"expectations.":[76],"In":[77],"driving":[79,177],"simulator":[80],"experiment":[81],"(high":[82],"fidelity,":[83],"fixed-based,":[84],"within-subject":[85],"design),":[86],"45":[87],"participants":[88],"performed":[89],"visual-manual":[91],"distracting":[92],"task":[93],"until":[94],"audio":[96],"warning":[97,144],"was":[98,103,145],"issued.":[99],"The":[100,112,143],"modeled":[104,132],"with":[105,133,139],"Bayesian":[106],"generalized":[107],"linear":[108],"mixed":[109],"effects":[110],"models.":[111],"models":[113,245],"incorporate":[114],"carryover":[116,211],"(up":[118],"2nd":[121],"order),":[122],"typical":[123],"side":[124],"within-subjects":[127],"experiments.":[128],"Reaction":[129],"times":[130],"were":[131],"shifted-Wald":[135],"distribution;":[136],"choices":[138],"softmax":[141],"regression.":[142],"effective":[146],"at":[147],"capturing":[148],"visual":[149],"attention":[150],"prompting":[152],"resumption":[154],"control,":[156],"but":[157],"did":[159],"not":[160,214],"directly":[161],"initiate":[162],"intervention.":[164],"Glance":[165],"location":[166],"choice":[169],"timing":[171],"evasive":[173],"maneuver":[174],"depended":[175],"on":[176,180,193],"context":[178],"previous":[181],"experience.":[182],"Analysis":[183],"yields":[189],"more":[190],"relevant":[191],"information":[192],"transition":[199],"than":[202],"single":[204],"measure":[205],"time.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"should":[213],"be":[215,234],"discounted,":[216],"because":[217],"trial":[218],"randomization":[219],"can":[220,233],"only":[221],"partially":[222],"alleviate":[223],"problem.":[225],"provided":[227],"results":[228],"format":[231],"that":[232],"used":[235],"as":[236],"reference":[238],"future":[240],"computational":[244],"driver":[247],"behavior.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
