{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000131449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","title":"SteeringLoss: A Cost-Sensitive Loss Function for the End-to-End Steering Estimation","display_name":"SteeringLoss: A Cost-Sensitive Loss Function for the End-to-End Steering Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000131449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","mag":"3000131449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081650208","display_name":"Wei Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-844X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009256880","display_name":"Ming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-9137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029247200","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-5433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-5433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048517656","display_name":"Chunxiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683529","display_name":"Bing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-9496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59218089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1104","last_page":"1113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.6458062529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5680646300315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5668895244598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47778210043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.45738524198532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4356614053249359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4102287292480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35188376903533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30050337314605713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.6458062529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5680646300315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5668895244598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47778210043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.45738524198532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4356614053249359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4102287292480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35188376903533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30050337314605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2963003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6959257340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1764264/61873165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554705102","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2008929839","https://openalex.org/W2036989445","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2133233905","https://openalex.org/W2156876426","https://openalex.org/W2159386181","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2167224731","https://openalex.org/W2271799811","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2483814582","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2605022719","https://openalex.org/W2740067745","https://openalex.org/W2740122176","https://openalex.org/W2750382558","https://openalex.org/W2760637973","https://openalex.org/W2798873012","https://openalex.org/W2799352588","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2895528158","https://openalex.org/W2923554444","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2970109502","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6633251946","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6683161558","https://openalex.org/W6684338915","https://openalex.org/W6684392942","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6722063826","https://openalex.org/W6750749703","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3179968364","https://openalex.org/W2151749779","https://openalex.org/W1999612375","https://openalex.org/W2938107654","https://openalex.org/W3008587939","https://openalex.org/W4387301579","https://openalex.org/W2951281592","https://openalex.org/W2166381389","https://openalex.org/W1560540727","https://openalex.org/W2576994247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imbalanced":[0],"training":[1,17,56,158,213],"is":[2,18,59,73,76,208],"a":[3,42,48,92],"challenge":[4],"in":[5,233],"the":[6,12,19,36,54,63,67,79,85,99,105,108,114,117,134,137,141,163,170,179,195,202,206,211,225,229,234],"field":[7],"of":[8,66,87,107,116,166,191,217,228],"autonomous":[9],"driving.":[10],"For":[11],"steering":[13,29,37,68,110,119,124,185,203,221],"estimation":[14,125,186],"task,":[15],"imbalanced":[16,55,64,157,212],"core":[20],"reason":[21],"that":[22],"an":[23],"end-to-end":[24,50,184,220],"model":[25,51,139],"cannot":[26],"estimate":[27],"sharp":[28,109],"value":[30,69,111,227],"well.":[31],"Inspired":[32],"by":[33,97],"researches":[34],"on":[35,181,231],"estimation,":[38,222],"this":[39,89],"paper":[40,90],"proposes":[41],"novel":[43],"loss":[44,94,101],"function":[45,95,102],"to":[46,78],"train":[47],"high-performance":[49],"for":[52,70,131,149,173,193,201,210],"handling":[53],"problem,":[57],"which":[58,75,188,223],"named":[60],"SteeringLoss.":[61],"Firstly,":[62],"distribution":[65],"driving":[71],"datasets":[72,218],"analyzed,":[74],"similar":[77,215],"double":[80],"long-tailed":[81],"distribution.":[82],"Secondly,":[83],"with":[84,129,214],"feature":[86],"distribution,":[88],"designs":[91],"cost-sensitive":[93],"step":[96],"step,":[98],"new":[100],"can":[103,155],"improve":[104],"impact":[106,115],"while":[112],"maintaining":[113],"small":[118],"value.":[120],"Thirdly,":[121],"three":[122,145],"typical":[123,183],"models":[126,196],"are":[127,147],"established":[128],"SteeringLoss":[130,154,167,192,207,232],"demonstration,":[132],"including":[133],"CNN":[135],"model,":[136],"CNN-LSTM":[138],"and":[140,168,197],"3DCNN-LSTM":[142],"model.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"experiments":[146],"designed":[148],"SteeringLoss:":[150],"Experiment":[151,160,176],"I":[152],"demonstrates":[153],"avoid":[156],"problem;":[159],"II":[161],"discusses":[162],"finetuning":[164],"principle":[165],"gives":[169,198],"basic":[171],"guideline":[172],"using":[174],"SteeringLoss;":[175],"III":[177],"shows":[178,189],"results":[180],"different":[182,199],"models,":[187],"effectiveness":[190],"all":[194],"solutions":[200],"estimation.":[204],"Moreover,":[205],"suitable":[209],"distributions":[216],"besides":[219],"indicates":[224],"potential":[226],"research":[230],"future.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
