{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994838155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","title":"Driver Intervention Detection via Real-Time Transfer Function Estimation","display_name":"Driver Intervention Detection via Real-Time Transfer Function Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994838155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","mag":"2994838155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/9345541/08930600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/9345541/08930600.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065368090","display_name":"Wouter S. Schinkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-4186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter S. Schinkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-4186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008905454","display_name":"Tom van der Sande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-8058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom P. J. van der Sande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022300438","display_name":"Henk Nijmeijer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Nijmeijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-6191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62509213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"772","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.6078952550888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5912054181098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5752688050270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5503491759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5168776512145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.4950949251651764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steering-wheel","display_name":"Steering wheel","score":0.46928510069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4667653739452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4575360119342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42852577567100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.42111051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4186224043369293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.404136061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2638164162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2263476550579071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.6078952550888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5912054181098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5752688050270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5503491759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5168776512145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4950949251651764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780354894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679300","display_name":"Steering wheel","level":2,"score":0.46928510069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4667653739452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4575360119342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42852577567100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.42111051082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4186224043369293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.404136061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2638164162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2263476550579071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/9345541/08930600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/4e7888e9-a013-4ed4-9cac-72cebcb8b6bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/4e7888e9-a013-4ed4-9cac-72cebcb8b6bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schinkel, W, van der Sande, T P J & Nijmeijer, H 2021, 'Driver intervention detection via real-time transfer function estimation', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, 8930600, pp. 772-781. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2956598","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/4e7888e9-a013-4ed4-9cac-72cebcb8b6bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/4e7888e9-a013-4ed4-9cac-72cebcb8b6bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(2):8930600, 772 - 781. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2956598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6979/9345541/08930600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994838155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994838155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642589444","https://openalex.org/W1018309782","https://openalex.org/W1509201870","https://openalex.org/W1568916748","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1990947293","https://openalex.org/W2019618305","https://openalex.org/W2052604480","https://openalex.org/W2066075340","https://openalex.org/W2074331253","https://openalex.org/W2086755418","https://openalex.org/W2123103659","https://openalex.org/W2143728161","https://openalex.org/W2172717914","https://openalex.org/W2274218262","https://openalex.org/W2275143385","https://openalex.org/W2414129797","https://openalex.org/W2486323017","https://openalex.org/W2496457208","https://openalex.org/W2499883146","https://openalex.org/W2502092228","https://openalex.org/W2527204247","https://openalex.org/W2545549878","https://openalex.org/W2567214837","https://openalex.org/W2579937995","https://openalex.org/W2582781338","https://openalex.org/W2596596865","https://openalex.org/W2605428776","https://openalex.org/W2611691619","https://openalex.org/W2652415919","https://openalex.org/W2792303320","https://openalex.org/W2796801802","https://openalex.org/W2903987874","https://openalex.org/W2946388607","https://openalex.org/W2947652593","https://openalex.org/W3022930466","https://openalex.org/W4249799114","https://openalex.org/W6620918277","https://openalex.org/W6681122180","https://openalex.org/W6750483118","https://openalex.org/W6756847124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134175566","https://openalex.org/W3211510429","https://openalex.org/W2166269968","https://openalex.org/W1977056059","https://openalex.org/W1042108899","https://openalex.org/W2063933439","https://openalex.org/W2566716929","https://openalex.org/W2980904184","https://openalex.org/W4386075391","https://openalex.org/W2122242013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"the":[1,8,15,61,74,126,129,163],"driver":[2,27,38,90,141],"plays":[3],"a":[4,36,78,89,102,122],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,99,152],"safety":[9,54],"of":[10,26,31,109,128,154],"autonomous":[11],"vehicles,":[12],"functioning":[13],"as":[14],"fall":[16],"back":[17],"for":[18,42],"vehicle":[19,105,111],"control":[20],"systems.":[21],"Fast":[22],"and":[23,47,66,156,162,174],"accurate":[24],"detection":[25,40,94],"intervention":[28,39,142],"is":[29,45,70,84,91,166],"therefore":[30],"importance.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34,110],"article":[35],"novel":[37],"method":[41],"automated":[43],"vehicles":[44],"presented":[46,164],"tested.":[48],"Non-critical":[49],"transitions":[50],"are":[51],"considered,":[52],"excluding":[53],"related":[55],"applications.":[56],"The":[57,93,107,137,150],"transfer":[58],"function":[59],"between":[60],"electric":[62],"power":[63],"steering":[64,67,75],"torque":[65],"column":[68],"angle":[69],"estimated":[71,82],"by":[72],"perturbing":[73],"system":[76],"with":[77,134],"known":[79],"disturbance.":[80],"This":[81],"value":[83],"used":[85],"to":[86,168,171],"detect":[87],"whether":[88],"intervening.":[92],"algorithm":[95,130],"has":[96,131,159],"been":[97,114,132,160],"tested":[98,133],"simulations":[100],"using":[101],"four":[103],"degree-of-freedom":[104],"model.":[106],"parameters":[108],"model":[112],"have":[113],"obtained":[115],"via":[116],"frequency":[117],"response":[118],"measurements":[119],"performed":[120],"on":[121],"test":[123],"vehicle.":[124],"Secondly,":[125],"performance":[127,151],"on-road":[135],"measurements.":[136],"results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"can":[143],"be":[144,169],"successfully":[145],"detected":[146],"within":[147],"0.4":[148],"seconds.":[149],"terms":[153],"true":[155],"false":[157],"detections":[158],"analyzed,":[161],"solution":[165],"shown":[167],"robust":[170],"measurement":[172],"noise":[173],"road":[175],"disturbances.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}