{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915544703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","title":"Structural Analysis of Attributes for Vehicle Re-Identification and Retrieval","display_name":"Structural Analysis of Attributes for Vehicle Re-Identification and Retrieval","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915544703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","mag":"2915544703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103024435","display_name":"Yanzhu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006294869","display_name":"Chunhua Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024442284","display_name":"Huibing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-9304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huibing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-9304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055627037","display_name":"Shengyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95711545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"723","last_page":"734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7978593707084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7787497043609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7073977589607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.6678948402404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6322447061538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5925461649894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5430538058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47288861870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4374040961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.41871386766433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3991605341434479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3507894277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34802061319351196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7978593707084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787497043609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7073977589607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.6678948402404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6322447061538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5925461649894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5430538058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47288861870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4374040961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.41871386766433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3991605341434479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3507894277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34802061319351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2896273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3447508769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1509207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46376622","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1958236864","https://openalex.org/W1971955426","https://openalex.org/W2015433264","https://openalex.org/W2056824392","https://openalex.org/W2069428064","https://openalex.org/W2073220190","https://openalex.org/W2079894891","https://openalex.org/W2080829704","https://openalex.org/W2089665028","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097025560","https://openalex.org/W2122451825","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2139323304","https://openalex.org/W2140511609","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2248575476","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2470322391","https://openalex.org/W2495961871","https://openalex.org/W2508384486","https://openalex.org/W2512434173","https://openalex.org/W2519904008","https://openalex.org/W2549858646","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2580288201","https://openalex.org/W2596839961","https://openalex.org/W2605117450","https://openalex.org/W2743473392","https://openalex.org/W2756261853","https://openalex.org/W2776879428","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963977416","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4247751037","https://openalex.org/W6674510352","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6732062208","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W2116862786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"re-identification":[1,198],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4,128],"role":[5],"in":[6,17,54,202],"video":[7],"surveillance":[8],"applications.":[9],"Despite":[10],"the":[11,18,44,55,80,95,109,146,155,160,165,168,184,204,214,231,240,244,252],"efforts":[12],"made":[13],"on":[14,104,182,239],"this":[15,58,93,105,132],"problem":[16],"past":[19],"few":[20,127],"years,":[21],"it":[22],"remains":[23],"a":[24,63,117,126,175,191,218,226],"challenging":[25],"task":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,134,144,158,174,225,229],"various":[29],"factors":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32,116,210],"pose":[33],"variation,":[34],"illumination":[35],"changes,":[36],"and":[37,152,199,243],"subtle":[38],"inter-class":[39],"difference.":[40],"We":[41],"believe":[42],"that":[43,180,248],"key":[45],"information":[46,216],"for":[47,120,131],"identification":[48],"has":[49],"not":[50],"been":[51],"well":[52],"explored":[53],"literature.":[56],"In":[57],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,77,107,124,189],"first":[61,96],"collect":[62],"vehicle":[64,197],"dataset":[65,97,241],"`VAC21'":[66],"which":[67,203],"contains":[68],"7129":[69],"images":[70,185],"of":[71,74,83,148,167,177,186,194,217,235],"five":[72],"types":[73],"vehicles.":[75,187],"Then,":[76],"carefully":[78],"label":[79],"21":[81],"classes":[82],"structural":[84],"attributes":[85,101],"hierarchically":[86],"with":[87,98],"bounding":[88],"boxes.":[89],"To":[90],"our":[91,249],"knowledge,":[92],"is":[94],"several":[99],"detailed":[100],"labeled.":[102],"Based":[103],"dataset,":[106],"use":[108],"state-of-the-art":[110,253],"one-stage":[111],"detection":[112,170],"method,":[113],"Single-shot":[114],"Detection,":[115],"baseline":[118],"model":[119,228],"detecting":[121,149],"attributes.":[122],"Subsequently,":[123],"make":[125],"modifications":[129],"tailored":[130],"application":[133],"improve":[135,145,159,230],"accuracy:":[136],"1)":[137],"adding":[138],"more":[139],"proposals":[140],"from":[141],"low-level":[142],"layers":[143],"accuracy":[147],"small":[150],"objects":[151],"2)":[153],"employing":[154],"focal":[156],"loss":[157],"mean":[161],"average":[162],"precision.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"results":[166,246],"attribute":[169],"can":[171],"be":[172],"applied":[173],"series":[176],"vision":[178],"tasks":[179],"focus":[181],"analyzing":[183],"Finally,":[188],"propose":[190],"novel":[192],"region":[193],"interests":[195],"(ROIs)-based":[196],"retrieval":[200],"method":[201,250],"ROIs'":[205],"deep":[206,221],"features":[207,222],"are":[208,223,237],"used":[209],"discriminative":[211],"identifiers,":[212],"encoding":[213],"structure":[215],"vehicle.":[219],"These":[220],"input":[224],"boosting":[227],"accuracy.":[232],"A":[233],"set":[234],"experiments":[236],"conducted":[238],"VehicleID":[242],"experimental":[245],"show":[247],"outperforms":[251],"methods.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
