{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914641625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","title":"Driver Monitoring Using Sparse Representation With Part-Based Temporal Face Descriptors","display_name":"Driver Monitoring Using Sparse Representation With Part-Based Temporal Face Descriptors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914641625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","mag":"2914641625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029046848","display_name":"Chien-Yu Chiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Yu Chiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687273","display_name":"Wei-Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0912-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069984836","display_name":"Shueh-Chou Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shueh-Chou Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082146813","display_name":"Chun-Rong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Rong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-5429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048480773","display_name":"Pau\u2010Choo Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8660-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pau-Choo Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8660-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102133002","display_name":"Yun-Yang Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Yang Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029046848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97187677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"346","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distracted-driving","display_name":"Distracted driving","score":0.7410269975662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6532964706420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.5908455848693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.548485279083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4948734641075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.49422863125801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.4775301218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.43739235401153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42794176936149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4273533225059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.331863671541214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.2954045832157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11008438467979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.09715843200683594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776465824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283083","display_name":"Distracted driving","level":3,"score":0.7410269975662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6532964706420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.5908455848693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.548485279083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4948734641075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.49422863125801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.4775301218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43739235401153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42794176936149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4273533225059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.331863671541214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.2954045832157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11008438467979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.09715843200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2892155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.nchu.edu.tw:11455/100285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11455/100285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1447155063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST107-2221-E-005-065-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5229944098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST105-2634-E-006-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963841851","https://openalex.org/W1964232317","https://openalex.org/W1965464424","https://openalex.org/W1986931325","https://openalex.org/W2000840273","https://openalex.org/W2007320090","https://openalex.org/W2019177772","https://openalex.org/W2022643633","https://openalex.org/W2025623975","https://openalex.org/W2027586365","https://openalex.org/W2029772767","https://openalex.org/W2032977109","https://openalex.org/W2052604480","https://openalex.org/W2052770734","https://openalex.org/W2056741100","https://openalex.org/W2061908129","https://openalex.org/W2069484217","https://openalex.org/W2069959554","https://openalex.org/W2072344378","https://openalex.org/W2083638830","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2093104497","https://openalex.org/W2096277597","https://openalex.org/W2101956459","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2116208238","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2142578527","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151126010","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2172717914","https://openalex.org/W2215053149","https://openalex.org/W2272340902","https://openalex.org/W2305684127","https://openalex.org/W2308230922","https://openalex.org/W2335817344","https://openalex.org/W2507595669","https://openalex.org/W2509142475","https://openalex.org/W2509901229","https://openalex.org/W2545549878","https://openalex.org/W2575078324","https://openalex.org/W2586457790","https://openalex.org/W2588478696","https://openalex.org/W2604163664","https://openalex.org/W2604361492","https://openalex.org/W2605351369","https://openalex.org/W2771855359","https://openalex.org/W2894818097","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6676727762","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6735694575","https://openalex.org/W6736105315","https://openalex.org/W6736193500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206458058","https://openalex.org/W4380791923","https://openalex.org/W4206103297","https://openalex.org/W2119748247","https://openalex.org/W2783086702","https://openalex.org/W1984378874","https://openalex.org/W2138271532","https://openalex.org/W2058597075","https://openalex.org/W2083853826","https://openalex.org/W4394961243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"driver":[1],"monitoring":[2],"systems":[3],"(DMSs)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7,80,133],"to":[8,46,52,60],"reduce":[9],"the":[10,36,75,79,104,108,113,132],"risk":[11],"of":[12,78,107],"human-caused":[13],"accidents.":[14],"Traditional":[15],"DMSs":[16],"focus":[17],"on":[18,89],"detecting":[19,141],"specific":[20],"predefined":[21],"abnormal":[22,40,85,99],"driving":[23,86,92,100,117,121,143,146,150],"behaviors,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"drowsiness":[27],"or":[28,119],"distracted":[29,120,149],"driving,":[30,74],"using":[31],"generic":[32,54],"models":[33,93],"trained":[34],"with":[35],"data":[37,51],"collected":[38],"during":[39],"driving.":[41],"However,":[42],"it":[43],"is":[44,102,115],"difficult":[45],"collect":[47],"sufficient":[48],"representative":[49],"training":[50],"construct":[53],"detection":[55],"models,":[56],"which":[57],"are":[58],"applicable":[59],"all":[61],"drivers.":[62],"Consequently,":[63],"this":[64],"paper":[65],"proposes":[66],"a":[67],"new":[68],"personal-based":[69],"hierarchical":[70],"DMS":[71,138],"(HDMS).":[72],"During":[73],"first":[76],"layer":[77,106],"HDMS":[81,109,134],"detects":[82],"normal":[83,90,142],"and":[84,148],"behavior":[87,101,114,118],"based":[88],"personal":[91],"represented":[94],"by":[95],"sparse":[96],"representations.":[97],"When":[98],"detected,":[103],"second":[105],"further":[110],"determines":[111],"whether":[112],"drowsy":[116,145],"behavior.":[122,151],"The":[123],"experimental":[124],"results":[125],"obtained":[126],"for":[127],"three":[128],"datasets":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"outperforms":[135],"existing":[136],"state-of-the-art":[137],"methods":[139],"in":[140],"behavior,":[144,147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
