{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897134608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","title":"Optimal Control for Reducing Congestion and Improving Safety in Freeway Systems","display_name":"Optimal Control for Reducing Congestion and Improving Safety in Freeway Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897134608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","mag":"2897134608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028024543","display_name":"C. Pasquale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Pasquale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054004883","display_name":"Simona Sacone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Sacone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015692994","display_name":"Silvia Siri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-5053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Siri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071405020","display_name":"Markos Papageorgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55741626","display_name":"Technical University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/03f8bz564","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markos Papageorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028024543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88758096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"3613","last_page":"3625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.5804751515388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5485806465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48817116022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metering-mode","display_name":"Metering mode","score":0.47792965173721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4759521186351776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4482748508453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.376258909702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3375436067581177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.5804751515388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5485806465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48817116022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.47792965173721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4759521186351776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4482748508453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.376258909702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3375436067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2868987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/935310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/935310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9920425","https://openalex.org/W172316599","https://openalex.org/W358562196","https://openalex.org/W605624100","https://openalex.org/W651799168","https://openalex.org/W1484203172","https://openalex.org/W1527598324","https://openalex.org/W1584201434","https://openalex.org/W1908793230","https://openalex.org/W1947915637","https://openalex.org/W1965549430","https://openalex.org/W1971228482","https://openalex.org/W1976111068","https://openalex.org/W1977025899","https://openalex.org/W1989486490","https://openalex.org/W1999454505","https://openalex.org/W2004764932","https://openalex.org/W2012438622","https://openalex.org/W2018846421","https://openalex.org/W2020082215","https://openalex.org/W2025202509","https://openalex.org/W2030703807","https://openalex.org/W2034293699","https://openalex.org/W2036271427","https://openalex.org/W2050202488","https://openalex.org/W2052523682","https://openalex.org/W2058209826","https://openalex.org/W2061344455","https://openalex.org/W2062035668","https://openalex.org/W2065672848","https://openalex.org/W2068112398","https://openalex.org/W2071992746","https://openalex.org/W2074423942","https://openalex.org/W2116545394","https://openalex.org/W2137788677","https://openalex.org/W2139728973","https://openalex.org/W2140722533","https://openalex.org/W2146088518","https://openalex.org/W2155312968","https://openalex.org/W2155623751","https://openalex.org/W2161932650","https://openalex.org/W2167860663","https://openalex.org/W2248102136","https://openalex.org/W2256847187","https://openalex.org/W2561763592","https://openalex.org/W2566073913","https://openalex.org/W2619723897","https://openalex.org/W2745166080","https://openalex.org/W2797956513","https://openalex.org/W4213086156","https://openalex.org/W6621482143","https://openalex.org/W6629034932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384104878","https://openalex.org/W1492656827","https://openalex.org/W169009953","https://openalex.org/W2565976481","https://openalex.org/W2386603188","https://openalex.org/W582212118","https://openalex.org/W648823617","https://openalex.org/W574461432","https://openalex.org/W614405626","https://openalex.org/W817358723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,155,178],"efficiency":[1],"of":[2,15,26,43,55,59,81,96,101,114,140,149,185,197],"freeway":[3,108,153],"systems":[4],"is":[5,18,84,134,158],"often":[6],"hindered":[7],"by":[8,36,160,172],"recurrent":[9],"and":[10,118,146,190],"non-recurrent":[11,60],"congestion.":[12,61],"occurrence":[14],"these":[16],"events":[17,73],"due":[19],"not":[20],"only":[21],"to":[22,29,75,85,124,191],"the":[23,41,44,56,63,93,102,107,112,119,126,138,144,147,152,182,186,194,198],"high":[24],"number":[25,95],"vehicles":[27],"trying":[28],"use":[30],"a":[31,87,99,129,162,174],"shared":[32],"infrastructure,":[33],"but":[34],"also":[35,68],"phenomena":[37],"that":[38,91],"temporarily":[39],"deteriorate":[40],"capacity":[42],"infrastructure":[45],"itself.":[46],"Among":[47],"them,":[48],"road":[49],"accidents":[50],"are":[51,201],"considered":[52],"as":[53,72,98],"one":[54],"primary":[57],"causes":[58],"At":[62],"same":[64],"time,":[65],"several":[66],"studies":[67],"identify":[69],"traffic":[70,104,127],"breakdowns":[71],"leading":[74],"vehicle":[76],"crashes.":[77],"A":[78],"specific":[79,175],"goal":[80],"this":[82,115],"research":[83],"develop":[86],"global":[88],"safety":[89,150],"index":[90,117],"quantifies":[92],"expected":[94],"crashes":[97],"function":[100],"current":[103],"state":[105],"in":[106,151],"system.":[109,154],"Moreover,":[110],"on":[111],"basis":[113],"new":[116],"performance":[120],"indicator":[121],"generally":[122],"adopted":[123],"evaluate":[125],"delay,":[128],"coordinated":[130],"ramp":[131],"metering":[132],"scheme":[133],"proposed":[135],"jointly":[136],"considering":[137],"reduction":[139],"travel":[141],"times":[142],"for":[143],"drivers":[145],"improvement":[148],"control":[156,165,169],"strategy":[157],"sought":[159],"defining":[161],"nonlinear":[163],"optimal":[164],"problem":[166,187],"with":[167],"constrained":[168],"variables,":[170],"solved":[171],"applying":[173],"gradient-based":[176],"algorithm.":[177],"simulation":[179],"analysis":[180],"investigates":[181],"multi-objective":[183],"nature":[184],"assessing":[188],"whether":[189],"what":[192],"extent":[193],"two":[195],"components":[196],"cost":[199],"criterion":[200],"conflicting":[202],"objectives.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}