{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791471390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","title":"Methodology and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Railway On-Board Positioning Systems","display_name":"Methodology and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Railway On-Board Positioning Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791471390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","mag":"2791471390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3506135","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012281837","display_name":"Jon Goya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-0579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jon Goya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-0579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088887639","display_name":"Gorka De Miguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorka De Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042500293","display_name":"Saioa Arrizabalaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saioa Arrizabalaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-9799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071151796","display_name":"Leticia Zamora-Cadenas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leticia Zamora-Cadenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012246419","display_name":"I\u00f1igo Ad\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-7853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inigo Adin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-7853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013925858","display_name":"Jaizki Mendiz\u00e1bal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-5960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaizki Mendizabal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-5960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ceit, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012281837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71205178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"4035","last_page":"4042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13615","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Safety","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-indicator","display_name":"Performance indicator","score":0.7988713979721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7619322538375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.6954748034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5259314179420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.48689380288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4804224967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4757149815559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-indicator","display_name":"Economic indicator","score":0.45117703080177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44576820731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4272118806838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-safety","display_name":"Aviation safety","score":0.42683038115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4114115238189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3877345025539398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.35473644733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3525935411453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3384176194667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23602765798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1408209502696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13810995221138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135510737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance indicator","level":2,"score":0.7988713979721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7619322538375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.6954748034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5259314179420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.48689380288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4804224967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4757149815559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202353208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1167393","display_name":"Economic indicator","level":2,"score":0.45117703080177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44576820731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4272118806838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538199239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640853","display_name":"Aviation safety","level":3,"score":0.42683038115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4114115238189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3877345025539398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.35473644733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3525935411453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3384176194667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23602765798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1408209502696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13810995221138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2018.2806187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3506135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3506135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3506135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3506135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534539228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"730617","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322649","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593240893","https://openalex.org/W794298597","https://openalex.org/W1532923845","https://openalex.org/W1985602662","https://openalex.org/W2004429533","https://openalex.org/W2016289989","https://openalex.org/W2033371266","https://openalex.org/W2047465932","https://openalex.org/W2462443232","https://openalex.org/W2464204224","https://openalex.org/W6617618538","https://openalex.org/W6631800654","https://openalex.org/W6654433509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160765347","https://openalex.org/W1784325190","https://openalex.org/W2372410743","https://openalex.org/W2064378805","https://openalex.org/W2044202791","https://openalex.org/W3021174933","https://openalex.org/W4378677069","https://openalex.org/W2540594145","https://openalex.org/W3083083931","https://openalex.org/W2809400083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"European":[1],"Union":[2],"(EU)":[3],"is":[4,120],"bolstering":[5],"the":[6,10,19,53,57,93,112,124,164,167],"railway":[7,26,58,132,169],"sector":[8],"with":[9,123],"aim":[11],"of":[12,18,34,82],"making":[13],"it":[14,152],"a":[15,143],"direct":[16],"competitor":[17],"aviation":[20],"sector.":[21],"For":[22],"that":[23,114],"to":[24,29,91,111,130,156,162],"occur,":[25],"efficiency":[27],"has":[28],"be":[30,89],"improved":[31],"by":[32],"means":[33],"increasing":[35],"capacity":[36],"and":[37,52,138,145,172],"reducing":[38],"operational":[39],"expenditure.":[40],"Tracks":[41],"are":[42],"currently":[43],"used":[44,129],"below":[45],"their":[46],"maximum":[47],"capacity.":[48],"Given":[49],"this":[50,158],"fact":[51,113],"EU's":[54],"goals":[55],"for":[56,63],"sector,":[59],"research":[60],"on":[61,68],"solutions":[62],"on-board":[64,174],"positioning":[65,86,100,117,175],"system":[66],"based":[67,99,116],"global":[69],"navigation":[70],"satellite":[71],"systems":[72,87,101,133],"(GNSS)":[73],"have":[74],"arisen":[75],"in":[76],"recent":[77],"years.":[78],"By":[79],"taking":[80],"advantage":[81],"GNSS,":[83],"safety":[84],"critical":[85],"will":[88],"able":[90],"use":[92],"infrastructure":[94],"more":[95],"efficiently.":[96],"However,":[97],"GNSS":[98,115],"still":[102],"cannot":[103],"fulfill":[104],"current":[105,168],"normative":[106],"validation":[107],"processes,":[108],"mainly,":[109],"due":[110],"performance":[118,126,148],"evaluation":[119],"not":[121],"compatible":[122],"key":[125,147],"indicators":[127,149],"(KPIs)":[128],"assess":[131],"performance:":[134],"reliability,":[135],"availability,":[136],"maintainability,":[137],"safety.":[139],"This":[140],"paper":[141],"proposes":[142],"methodology":[144],"unified":[146],"(KPIs).":[150],"Additionally,":[151],"shows":[153],"real":[154],"examples":[155],"address":[157],"issue.":[159],"It":[160],"aims":[161],"fill":[163],"gap":[165],"between":[166],"standardization":[170],"process":[171],"any":[173],"system.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
