{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2344934580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","title":"On-Road Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using MMW Radar and Monovision Fusion","display_name":"On-Road Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using MMW Radar and Monovision Fusion","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2344934580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","mag":"2344934580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101465691","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-139X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013585366","display_name":"Linhai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linhai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706029","display_name":"Hongbin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-2906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031227866","display_name":"Jingmin Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingmin Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047405956","display_name":"Nanning Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-8257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanning Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101465691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":215,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98545782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"2075","last_page":"2084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.7200467586517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.6801566481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5768721103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5574933886528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5316829085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.506138265132904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48731479048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-vision","display_name":"Monocular vision","score":0.4638943672180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4288189113140106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4230392277240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.41952162981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.41457754373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4027249217033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3751782774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.16993767023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10099190473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.09156808257102966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.7200467586517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.6801566481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5768721103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5574933886528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5316829085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.506138265132904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48731479048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640606","display_name":"Monocular vision","level":2,"score":0.4638943672180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4288189113140106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4230392277240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.41952162981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.41457754373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4027249217033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3751782774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.16993767023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10099190473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.09156808257102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2533542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4498456424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61231018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004018842","https://openalex.org/W2026719822","https://openalex.org/W2043853176","https://openalex.org/W2046335673","https://openalex.org/W2048890244","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2083044905","https://openalex.org/W2099528600","https://openalex.org/W2104540317","https://openalex.org/W2106160885","https://openalex.org/W2108215708","https://openalex.org/W2110514477","https://openalex.org/W2112570940","https://openalex.org/W2120010140","https://openalex.org/W2124564319","https://openalex.org/W2125147620","https://openalex.org/W2125994488","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2133009434","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2147180543","https://openalex.org/W2158200566","https://openalex.org/W2165065922","https://openalex.org/W2295623328","https://openalex.org/W4241427610","https://openalex.org/W4245814866","https://openalex.org/W4246822819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803307304","https://openalex.org/W3176389629","https://openalex.org/W4379467923","https://openalex.org/W2800523621","https://openalex.org/W3011975694","https://openalex.org/W2339054183","https://openalex.org/W2001943318","https://openalex.org/W2904294069","https://openalex.org/W24636857","https://openalex.org/W2586528042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,37,45,52,69,82,96,107,134,142,167,183],"potential":[2],"to":[3,43,94,105],"increase":[4],"road":[5],"safety":[6],"and":[7,23,27,31,51,64,114,121,153,158,169,185],"provide":[8],"economic":[9],"benefits,":[10],"intelligent":[11,41,136,180],"vehicles":[12,42,148],"have":[13],"elicited":[14],"a":[15,101,128],"significant":[16],"amount":[17],"of":[18,36,71,84,171],"interest":[19],"from":[20],"both":[21],"academics":[22],"industry.":[24],"A":[25],"robust":[26],"reliable":[28],"vehicle":[29,62,111,119,181,188],"detection":[30,63,112,120,151,168],"tracking":[32,122,170],"system":[33,144,175],"is":[34,88,124,176,191],"one":[35],"key":[38],"modules":[39],"for":[40,61,166,182],"perceive":[44],"surrounding":[46],"environment.":[47],"The":[48,117],"millimeter-wave":[49],"radar":[50],"monocular":[53],"camera":[54],"are":[55],"two":[56,73,86],"vehicular":[57],"sensors":[58,74,87],"commonly":[59],"used":[60,79],"tracking.":[65],"Despite":[66],"their":[67],"advantages,":[68],"drawbacks":[70],"these":[72,85],"make":[75],"them":[76],"insufficient":[77],"when":[78],"separately.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"fusion":[83,103],"considered":[89],"as":[90],"an":[91],"efficient":[92],"way":[93],"address":[95],"challenge.":[97],"This":[98,174],"paper":[99],"presents":[100],"collaborative":[102],"approach":[104],"achieve":[106],"optimal":[108],"balance":[109],"between":[110],"accuracy":[113],"computational":[115],"efficiency.":[116],"proposed":[118,143],"design":[123],"extensively":[125],"evaluated":[126],"with":[127,149],"real-world":[129],"data":[130],"set":[131],"collected":[132],"by":[133],"developed":[135],"vehicle.":[137,173],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"can":[145],"detect":[146],"on-road":[147],"92.36%":[150],"rate":[152],"0%":[154],"false":[155],"alarm":[156],"rate,":[157],"it":[159],"only":[160],"takes":[161],"ten":[162],"frames":[163],"(0.16":[164],"s)":[165],"each":[172],"installed":[177],"on":[178],"Kuafu-II":[179],"fourth":[184],"fifth":[186],"autonomous":[187],"competitions,":[189],"which":[190],"called":[192],"\u201cIntelligent":[193],"Vehicle":[194],"Future":[195],"Challenge\u201d":[196],"in":[197],"China.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}