{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2316483928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","title":"A Low-Cost Solution for Automatic Lane-Level Map Generation Using Conventional In-Car Sensors","display_name":"A Low-Cost Solution for Automatic Lane-Level Map Generation Using Conventional In-Car Sensors","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2316483928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","mag":"2316483928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008333736","display_name":"Chunzhao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2992-6320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunzhao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015264512","display_name":"Kiyosumi Kidono","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyosumi Kidono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021429482","display_name":"Junichi MEGURO","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-4995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichi Meguro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464193","display_name":"Yoshiko Kojima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-3308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiko Kojima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044085806","display_name":"M. Ogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-3584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678813","display_name":"Takashi Naito","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Naito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008333736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94445382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"2355","last_page":"2366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.6735090017318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6360582113265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6275520324707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5960033535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5837482213973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odometry","display_name":"Odometry","score":0.5388360619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.46895331144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mapping","display_name":"Digital mapping","score":0.4329879879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-map","display_name":"Road map","score":0.42303386330604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.229582279920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13343629240989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.11402863264083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.09435853362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09073841571807861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6735090017318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6360582113265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6275520324707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5960033535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5837482213973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49441653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014717","display_name":"Odometry","level":4,"score":0.5388360619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46895331144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181672929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115141","display_name":"Digital mapping","level":2,"score":0.4329879879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188048851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298569","display_name":"Road map","level":2,"score":0.42303386330604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.229582279920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13343629240989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.11402863264083862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.09435853362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09073841571807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2521819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616502060","https://openalex.org/W657650103","https://openalex.org/W1984621169","https://openalex.org/W1985434019","https://openalex.org/W1994691007","https://openalex.org/W2005791000","https://openalex.org/W2006986982","https://openalex.org/W2008093956","https://openalex.org/W2012531858","https://openalex.org/W2014001040","https://openalex.org/W2019329118","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2035339277","https://openalex.org/W2063551819","https://openalex.org/W2067107771","https://openalex.org/W2088061407","https://openalex.org/W2095593770","https://openalex.org/W2107942601","https://openalex.org/W2118811882","https://openalex.org/W2119547146","https://openalex.org/W2124313187","https://openalex.org/W2131873102","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2140581865","https://openalex.org/W2144943924","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W6619350069","https://openalex.org/W6622053450","https://openalex.org/W6646439117","https://openalex.org/W6676080546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131182299","https://openalex.org/W633683274","https://openalex.org/W2036686668","https://openalex.org/W3177795816","https://openalex.org/W1270479183","https://openalex.org/W3198236769","https://openalex.org/W2260009532","https://openalex.org/W2367082787","https://openalex.org/W297328528","https://openalex.org/W93806211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lane-level":[0],"digital":[1],"maps":[2],"are":[3,136],"crucial":[4],"to":[5,44,176],"advanced":[6],"driver":[7],"assistance":[8],"systems":[9,40],"(ADAS)":[10],"and":[11,20,55,99,142,145,164,223],"autonomous":[12],"driving,":[13],"since":[14],"they":[15,49],"can":[16,219],"simplify":[17],"driving":[18,30,154],"tasks":[19],"enhance":[21],"system":[22,218],"performance":[23],"by":[24,76,138],"providing":[25],"strong":[26],"priors":[27],"about":[28],"the":[29,33,104,115,120,123,127,133,153,160,182,186,200,205,210,213,225],"environment.":[31],"However,":[32],"high":[34],"cost":[35],"of":[36,71,91,122,132,168,181,199,204,212],"current":[37],"map":[38,75,106,125,183,202],"generation":[39,70,98,203],"prevents":[41],"their":[42],"benefits":[43],"normal":[45],"commercial":[46,230],"cars":[47,231],"as":[48],"usually":[50],"depend":[51],"on":[52,114,185],"specialized":[53],"sensors":[54,79],"need":[56],"great":[57],"manual":[58,193],"postprocessing.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"a":[63,72,165,178,217],"low-cost":[64],"solution":[65],"is":[66,107,157,173],"proposed":[67,191,214],"for":[68,228],"automatic":[69,201],"precise":[73],"lane-level":[74],"using":[77],"conventional":[78],"that":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"already":[83],"installed":[84],"in":[85],"contemporary":[86],"cars.":[87],"It":[88],"mainly":[89],"consists":[90],"two":[92],"modules,":[93],"i.e.,":[94],"road":[95,116,134,161],"orthographic":[96,150,162],"image":[97],"lane":[100,155,179,188],"graph":[101,180],"construction.":[102],"First,":[103],"global":[105],"divided":[108],"into":[109,148],"fixed":[110],"local":[111,124],"segments":[112],"based":[113,184],"network":[117],"topology.":[118],"With":[119],"reference":[121],"segments,":[126],"bird's":[128],"eye":[129],"view":[130],"images":[131,163],"surface":[135],"accumulated":[137],"fusing":[139],"GPS,":[140],"INS,":[141],"visual":[143],"odometry":[144],"subsequently":[146],"integrated":[147],"synthetic":[149],"images.":[151],"Next,":[152],"information":[156,172],"extracted":[158],"from":[159],"large":[166],"amount":[167],"vehicle":[169],"trajectories.":[170],"Such":[171,216],"then":[174],"used":[175],"construct":[177],"sophisticated":[187],"models":[189],"we":[190],"without":[192,232],"processing.":[194],"Experiments":[195],"show":[196],"promising":[197],"results":[198],"real-world":[206],"roads,":[207],"which":[208],"substantiated":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"approach.":[215],"offer":[220],"increased":[221],"value":[222],"promote":[224],"automation":[226],"level":[227],"today's":[229],"being":[233],"supplemented":[234],"additional":[235],"sensors.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}