{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079624250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","title":"Learning a Part-Based Pedestrian Detector in a Virtual World","display_name":"Learning a Part-Based Pedestrian Detector in a Virtual World","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079624250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","mag":"2079624250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101739991","display_name":"Jiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004903288","display_name":"David V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2845-8158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087248790","display_name":"Antonio M. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-5783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio M. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107963786","display_name":"Javier Mar\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138456","display_name":"Starlab Barcelona SLU (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/040cxgs87","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456","https://openalex.org/I4405261726"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Marin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Starlab Barcelona Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Starlab Barcelona Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000806404","display_name":"Daniel Ponsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-6524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ponsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Ci\u00e9ncies de la Computaci\u00f3 and the Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de Cienc. de la Computacio & the Comput. Vision Center, Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98394759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"2121","last_page":"2131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.792488694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7198708057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7114502787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6675613522529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6395041346549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5760568976402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5342357158660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46286118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.45841240882873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4462319314479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43618905544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15336084365844727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.792488694190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7198708057403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114502787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6675613522529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6395041346549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5760568976402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5342357158660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46286118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.45841240882873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4462319314479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43618905544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15336084365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2014.2310138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8718753989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011611023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166750225","https://openalex.org/W1542534308","https://openalex.org/W1574719918","https://openalex.org/W1581020457","https://openalex.org/W1950935069","https://openalex.org/W1968933322","https://openalex.org/W1993149133","https://openalex.org/W1994529670","https://openalex.org/W2027094762","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2033547469","https://openalex.org/W2046875449","https://openalex.org/W2073246097","https://openalex.org/W2083620785","https://openalex.org/W2099682536","https://openalex.org/W2102157586","https://openalex.org/W2106300334","https://openalex.org/W2110169948","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2122686738","https://openalex.org/W2123533187","https://openalex.org/W2127420331","https://openalex.org/W2136724559","https://openalex.org/W2139479830","https://openalex.org/W2142645932","https://openalex.org/W2145142957","https://openalex.org/W2146036766","https://openalex.org/W2153062878","https://openalex.org/W2158688659","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2535410496","https://openalex.org/W6606767076","https://openalex.org/W6634534290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W2330964916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"pedestrians":[1],"with":[2],"on-board":[3,165],"vision":[4],"systems":[5],"is":[6,23,74],"of":[7,19,42,86],"paramount":[8],"interest":[9],"for":[10,93],"assisting":[11],"drivers":[12],"to":[13,149],"prevent":[14],"vehicle-to-pedestrian":[15],"accidents.":[16],"The":[17],"core":[18],"a":[20,32,37,78,123,139],"pedestrian":[21,88],"detector":[22,178],"its":[24],"classification":[25],"module,":[26],"which":[27,142],"aims":[28],"at":[29],"deciding":[30],"if":[31],"given":[33],"image":[34],"window":[35],"contains":[36],"pedestrian.":[38],"Given":[39],"the":[40,51,57,87,159,174],"difficulty":[41],"this":[43,99],"task,":[44],"many":[45],"classifiers":[46,73],"have":[47],"been":[48],"proposed":[49],"during":[50],"last":[52],"15":[53],"years.":[54],"Among":[55],"them,":[56],"so-called":[58],"(deformable)":[59],"part-based":[60,177],"classifiers,":[61],"including":[62],"multiview":[63],"modeling,":[64],"are":[65,91,117,136],"usually":[66],"top":[67],"ranked":[68],"in":[69,138],"accuracy.":[70],"Training":[71],"such":[72],"not":[75,118],"trivial":[76],"since":[77],"proper":[79],"aspect":[80,105],"clustering":[81,106],"and":[82,107,155],"spatial":[83],"part":[84,108,128],"alignment":[85,109],"training":[89,147],"samples":[90],"crucial":[92],"obtaining":[94],"an":[95],"accurate":[96],"classifier.":[97],"In":[98],"paper,":[100],"we":[101,121],"first":[102],"perform":[103,150],"automatic":[104],"by":[110],"using":[111],"virtual-world":[112],"pedestrians,":[113],"i.e.,":[114],"human":[115],"annotations":[116],"required.":[119],"Second,":[120],"use":[122],"mixture-of-parts":[124],"approach":[125],"that":[126,169],"allows":[127,144],"sharing":[129],"among":[130],"different":[131],"aspects.":[132],"Third,":[133],"these":[134],"proposals":[135],"integrated":[137],"learning":[140],"framework,":[141],"also":[143],"incorporating":[145],"real-world":[146,156],"data":[148,166],"domain":[151],"adaptation":[152],"between":[153],"virtual-":[154],"cameras.":[157],"Overall,":[158],"obtained":[160],"results":[161],"on":[162],"four":[163],"popular":[164],"sets":[167],"show":[168],"our":[170],"proposal":[171],"clearly":[172],"outperforms":[173],"state-of-the-art":[175],"deformable":[176],"known":[179],"as":[180],"latent":[181],"support":[182],"vector":[183],"machine.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}