{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076802686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","title":"Comparison of Three Electrochemical Energy Buffers Applied to a Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Simultaneous Optimal Sizing and Energy Management","display_name":"Comparison of Three Electrochemical Energy Buffers Applied to a Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Simultaneous Optimal Sizing and Energy Management","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076802686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","mag":"2076802686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaosong Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007503953","display_name":"Nikolce Murgovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolce Murgovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048168519","display_name":"Lars Johannesson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Mardh Johannesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Viktoria Swedish ICT, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Viktoria Swedish ICT, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053881524","display_name":"Bo Egardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Egardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.1077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":238,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99735936,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1193","last_page":"1205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8224321603775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.7309006452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.7213678359985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6757436990737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5348305702209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.511358916759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.49680665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.47839200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.4593413770198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4208992123603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.415780246257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3932596445083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3070535659790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.09446185827255249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8224321603775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.7309006452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7213678359985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6757436990737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5348305702209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.511358916759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.49680665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.47839200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.4593413770198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4208992123603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.415780246257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3932596445083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3070535659790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.09446185827255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2294675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:189188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/189188-comparison-of-three-electrochemical-energy-buffers-applied-to-a-hybrid-bus-powertrain-with-simultane","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:189188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/189188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","display_name":"Energimyndigheten","ror":"https://ror.org/0359z7n90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341420643","https://openalex.org/W1491452507","https://openalex.org/W1493070044","https://openalex.org/W1552505253","https://openalex.org/W1858718000","https://openalex.org/W1966482803","https://openalex.org/W1968649851","https://openalex.org/W1973380065","https://openalex.org/W1976218673","https://openalex.org/W1977732964","https://openalex.org/W1979387894","https://openalex.org/W1980748496","https://openalex.org/W1990488730","https://openalex.org/W2006651289","https://openalex.org/W2008257391","https://openalex.org/W2011339307","https://openalex.org/W2011503055","https://openalex.org/W2012716743","https://openalex.org/W2015718979","https://openalex.org/W2016768537","https://openalex.org/W2023604237","https://openalex.org/W2029515813","https://openalex.org/W2032100925","https://openalex.org/W2036719174","https://openalex.org/W2062407650","https://openalex.org/W2062750746","https://openalex.org/W2071559560","https://openalex.org/W2075868882","https://openalex.org/W2076887547","https://openalex.org/W2084004388","https://openalex.org/W2089988774","https://openalex.org/W2105457945","https://openalex.org/W2114564640","https://openalex.org/W2116507007","https://openalex.org/W2123075622","https://openalex.org/W2133150655","https://openalex.org/W2142978876","https://openalex.org/W2146419443","https://openalex.org/W2146528637","https://openalex.org/W2155350901","https://openalex.org/W2160216454","https://openalex.org/W2160306599","https://openalex.org/W2169251508","https://openalex.org/W2171275074","https://openalex.org/W2172057026","https://openalex.org/W2744189719","https://openalex.org/W3123328740","https://openalex.org/W4234398813","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4251286747","https://openalex.org/W4300011629","https://openalex.org/W6629595848","https://openalex.org/W6683618223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109769812","https://openalex.org/W2164776125","https://openalex.org/W2047678969","https://openalex.org/W2953137217","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2136582587","https://openalex.org/W2137409234","https://openalex.org/W2063991943","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W2042058853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,70],"paper":[1,71],"comparatively":[2],"examines":[3],"three":[4,82],"different":[5,158],"electrochemical":[6],"energy":[7,46,95,183],"storage":[8],"systems":[9],"(ESSs),":[10],"i.e.,":[11],"a":[12,16,20,24,62,87,169],"Li-ion":[13],"battery":[14],"pack,":[15,18],"supercapacitor":[17],"and":[19,48,66,94,126,133,142,165,188],"dual":[21],"buffer,":[22],"for":[23,147,163],"hybrid":[25,59,121,138],"bus":[26],"powertrain":[27,103,122,149],"operated":[28],"in":[29,39,86,104,152],"Gothenburg,":[30],"Sweden.":[31],"Existing":[32],"studies":[33],"focus":[34],"on":[35],"comparing":[36],"these":[37],"ESSs,":[38],"terms":[40],"of":[41,58,89,180],"either":[42],"general":[43],"attributes":[44],"(e.g.,":[45],"density":[47],"power":[49,67,134],"density)":[50],"or":[51],"their":[52],"implications":[53],"to":[54,76,114,124,154,175],"the":[55,77,81,98,102,105,116,120,148,159,181,186],"fuel":[56],"economy":[57],"vehicles":[60],"with":[61],"heuristic/nonoptimal":[63],"ESS":[64,92,130,160],"size":[65],"management":[68],"strategy.":[69],"adds":[72],"four":[73],"original":[74],"contributions":[75],"related":[78],"literature.":[79],"First,":[80],"ESSs":[83,99],"are":[84,150,162],"compared":[85],"framework":[88],"simultaneous":[90],"optimal":[91],"sizing":[93],"management,":[96],"where":[97],"can":[100],"serve":[101],"most":[106],"cost-effective":[107],"manner.":[108],"Second,":[109],"convex":[110],"optimization":[111],"is":[112,172],"used":[113],"implement":[115],"framework,":[117],"which":[118],"allows":[119],"designers/integrators":[123],"rapidly":[125],"optimally":[127],"perform":[128],"integrated":[129],"selection,":[131],"sizing,":[132],"management.":[135],"Third,":[136],"both":[137],"electric":[139],"vehicle":[140],"(HEV)":[141],"plug-in":[143],"HEV":[144,164],"(PHEV)":[145],"scenarios":[146],"considered,":[151],"order":[153],"systematically":[155],"examine":[156],"how":[157,177],"requirements":[161],"PHEV":[166],"applications.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"sensitivity":[170],"analysis":[171],"carried":[173],"out":[174],"evaluate":[176],"price":[178],"variations":[179],"onboard":[182],"carriers":[184],"affect":[185],"results":[187],"conclusions.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}