{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018937623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","title":"A Two-Dimensional Optimal Velocity Model for Unidirectional Pedestrian Flow Based on Pedestrian's Visual Hindrance Field","display_name":"A Two-Dimensional Optimal Velocity Model for Unidirectional Pedestrian Flow Based on Pedestrian's Visual Hindrance Field","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018937623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","mag":"2018937623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033709878","display_name":"Wei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-8824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","State Key Lab. of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei-guo Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-guo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","State Key Lab. of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048551710","display_name":"Jian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","[Sch. of Transp. & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Transp. & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhi-ming Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-ming Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","Res. Center of New Generation Inf. Technol. for Transp. (NGT), Shanghai Adv. Res. Inst., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Res. Center of New Generation Inf. Technol. for Transp. (NGT), Shanghai Adv. Res. Inst., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96470624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1753","last_page":"1763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.8872697949409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.8159598708152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.789905846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5208983421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.518949031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematic-wave","display_name":"Kinematic wave","score":0.5102434158325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.48712706565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4424417018890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram","display_name":"Diagram","score":0.4263911247253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26588642597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21909266710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.21846365928649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.21714293956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19030031561851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.08506286144256592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.8872697949409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.8159598708152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.789905846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5208983421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.518949031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43978264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6410695","display_name":"Kinematic wave","level":3,"score":0.5102434158325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48712706565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4424417018890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.4263911247253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26588642597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21909266710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.21846365928649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.21714293956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19030031561851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.08506286144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2266340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85172617","https://openalex.org/W256900534","https://openalex.org/W1489997699","https://openalex.org/W1516125730","https://openalex.org/W1528387358","https://openalex.org/W1578309650","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1968301691","https://openalex.org/W1968719911","https://openalex.org/W1968839906","https://openalex.org/W1969021871","https://openalex.org/W1980215992","https://openalex.org/W1981259137","https://openalex.org/W1983498365","https://openalex.org/W1985205172","https://openalex.org/W1988093287","https://openalex.org/W1988503262","https://openalex.org/W1990413883","https://openalex.org/W1997419306","https://openalex.org/W1998359676","https://openalex.org/W2003152501","https://openalex.org/W2008039411","https://openalex.org/W2011042166","https://openalex.org/W2012980494","https://openalex.org/W2014767144","https://openalex.org/W2016714637","https://openalex.org/W2018507314","https://openalex.org/W2024556687","https://openalex.org/W2027255606","https://openalex.org/W2039021771","https://openalex.org/W2041393269","https://openalex.org/W2041472590","https://openalex.org/W2050328792","https://openalex.org/W2055005740","https://openalex.org/W2064323239","https://openalex.org/W2065042410","https://openalex.org/W2074896994","https://openalex.org/W2080836943","https://openalex.org/W2084161112","https://openalex.org/W2088186610","https://openalex.org/W2094880140","https://openalex.org/W2096299435","https://openalex.org/W2102928538","https://openalex.org/W2131050013","https://openalex.org/W2147948938","https://openalex.org/W2148961728","https://openalex.org/W2154573618","https://openalex.org/W2191988683","https://openalex.org/W3098415823","https://openalex.org/W3101207396","https://openalex.org/W3105478856","https://openalex.org/W3147175069","https://openalex.org/W6603450800","https://openalex.org/W6630767161","https://openalex.org/W6681667994","https://openalex.org/W6687301577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2520479662","https://openalex.org/W4207079396","https://openalex.org/W3199606900","https://openalex.org/W3177673432","https://openalex.org/W2106920723","https://openalex.org/W589797906","https://openalex.org/W1977443554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"and":[1,9,16,23,41,54,62,83,86,102,120,133,140,161],"simulation":[2,162],"of":[3,26,72,151,164],"pedestrian":[4,165],"movement":[5,24,50],"is":[6,106,146],"a":[7,30,36],"feasible":[8],"effective":[10],"way":[11],"to":[12,68],"evaluate":[13],"evacuation":[14],"facilities":[15],"risk.":[17],"Inspired":[18],"by":[19,58,94],"the":[20,49,70,73,92,114,118,124,149,159],"visual":[21,42,63],"field":[22],"characteristic":[25],"pedestrians,":[27],"we":[28,76],"developed":[29],"2-D":[31],"continuous":[32,52],"model":[33,46,93],"that":[34,108,148],"integrates":[35],"self-slowing,":[37],"local":[38],"direction-changing":[39,87],"mechanism,":[40],"hindrance":[43,64],"information.":[44],"The":[45,129],"allows":[47],"for":[48],"in":[51,117,123,157],"space":[53],"time,":[55],"only":[56],"controlled":[57,78],"simple":[59],"kinematic":[60,74],"equations":[61],"distribution.":[65],"In":[66],"order":[67],"get":[69],"parameters":[71],"equations,":[75],"conducted":[77],"experiments,":[79],"collected":[80],"empirical":[81],"data,":[82],"obtained":[84,130],"velocity-changing":[85],"relations.":[88],"We":[89],"then":[90],"validate":[91],"simulating":[95],"three":[96],"experimental":[97,141],"scenarios,":[98],"i.e.,":[99],"passage,":[100],"bottleneck,":[101],"classroom":[103],"evacuation.":[104],"It":[105,145],"found":[107],"some":[109],"typical":[110],"phenomena":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113],"stop-and-go":[115],"waves":[116],"passage":[119],"lane":[121],"formation":[122],"bottleneck":[125],"can":[126],"be":[127,155],"reproduced.":[128],"fundamental":[131],"diagram":[132],"specific":[134],"flow":[135],"agree":[136],"with":[137],"classic":[138],"conclusions":[139],"measures":[142],"very":[143],"well.":[144],"hoped":[147],"idea":[150],"this":[152],"study":[153,163],"may":[154],"helpful":[156],"promoting":[158],"modeling":[160],"flow.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}