{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998241363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","title":"Road Geometry Classification by Adaptive Shape Models","display_name":"Road Geometry Classification by Adaptive Shape Models","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998241363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","mag":"1998241363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540588","display_name":"Jose M. \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-6322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["AU","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","Department of Computer Science, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","NICTA, Canberra, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108081424","display_name":"Theo Gevers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["ES","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theo Gevers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087166497","display_name":"Ferran Diego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-0551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["DE","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferran Diego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087248790","display_name":"Antonio M. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-5783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio M. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","Department of Computer Science, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96064448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"459","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6639038920402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5832986235618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5763959884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5671496391296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5504067540168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4603334367275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.44502049684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-context","display_name":"Shape context","score":0.41680315136909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3674886226654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10813739895820618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6639038920402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5832986235618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5763959884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5671496391296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5504067540168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4603334367275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.44502049684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970395","display_name":"Shape context","level":3,"score":0.41680315136909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3674886226654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10813739895820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2221088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/d57e9099-b772-45c5-8cb2-c01fdf7076c1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/road-geometry-classification-by-adaptive-shape-models(d57e9099-b772-45c5-8cb2-c01fdf7076c1).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1lvarez, J M, Gevers, T, Diego, F & L\u00f3pez, A M 2012, 'Road geometry classification by adaptive shape models', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2012.2221088","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.361.4485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.361.4485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://staff.science.uva.nl/~gevers/pub/GeversITS2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/d57e9099-b772-45c5-8cb2-c01fdf7076c1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/road-geometry-classification-by-adaptive-shape-models(d57e9099-b772-45c5-8cb2-c01fdf7076c1).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1lvarez, J M, Gevers, T, Diego, F & L\u00f3pez, A M 2012, 'Road geometry classification by adaptive shape models', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2012.2221088","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33990384","https://openalex.org/W1539134956","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1964608713","https://openalex.org/W1978665594","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2069239883","https://openalex.org/W2092282499","https://openalex.org/W2106337294","https://openalex.org/W2115340290","https://openalex.org/W2115448105","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2125310925","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2130583971","https://openalex.org/W2134214630","https://openalex.org/W2134789565","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2138393089","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154683974","https://openalex.org/W2155036151","https://openalex.org/W2160526525","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162762921","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2166502676","https://openalex.org/W2168519618","https://openalex.org/W6676990836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134175566","https://openalex.org/W3211510429","https://openalex.org/W4377081758","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W1589637664","https://openalex.org/W2971551846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision-based":[0],"road":[1,24,30,57,71,74,99,117,136,154,158],"detection":[2,25,75,159],"is":[3,68,88,167],"important":[4],"for":[5,73],"different":[6],"applications":[7],"in":[8],"transportation,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"autonomous":[12],"driving,":[13],"vehicle":[14],"collision":[15],"warning,":[16],"and":[17,36,42,59,82,172],"pedestrian":[18],"crossing":[19],"detection.":[20],"Common":[21],"approaches":[22],"to":[23,69],"are":[26,109,128],"based":[27],"on":[28,54],"low-level":[29,47],"appearance":[31],"(e.g.,":[32],"color":[33],"or":[34],"texture)":[35],"neglect":[37],"of":[38,65,79,116,123,144],"the":[39,63,77,112,121,134],"scene":[40,80],"geometry":[41,86,137],"context.":[43],"Hence,":[44],"using":[45],"only":[46],"features":[48,127,171],"makes":[49],"these":[50],"algorithms":[51],"highly":[52],"depend":[53],"structured":[55],"roads,":[56],"homogeneity,":[58],"lighting":[60,124],"conditions.":[61,180],"Therefore,":[62],"aim":[64],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"classify":[70],"geometries":[72],"through":[76],"analysis":[78],"composition":[81],"temporal":[83,173],"coherence.":[84],"Road":[85],"classification":[87],"proposed":[89,135],"by":[90,111],"building":[91],"corresponding":[92],"models":[93,105],"from":[94],"training":[95],"images":[96],"containing":[97],"prototypical":[98],"geometries.":[100],"We":[101],"propose":[102],"adaptive":[103],"shape":[104,155],"where":[106],"spatial":[107,114],"pyramids":[108],"steered":[110],"inherent":[113],"structure":[115],"images.":[118],"To":[119],"reduce":[120],"influence":[122],"variations,":[125],"invariant":[126,170],"used.":[129],"Large-scale":[130],"experiments":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133,169],"classifier":[138],"yields":[139],"a":[140],"high":[141],"recognition":[142],"rate":[143],"73.57%":[145],"\u00b1":[146],"13.1,":[147],"clearly":[148],"outperforming":[149],"other":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"methods.":[152,164],"Including":[153],"information":[156,174],"improves":[157],"results":[160],"over":[161],"existing":[162],"appearance-based":[163],"Finally,":[165],"it":[166],"shown":[168],"provide":[175],"robustness":[176],"against":[177],"disturbing":[178],"imaging":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
