{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015515000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","title":"Spatio-Temporal Traffic Scene Modeling for Object Motion Detection","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Traffic Scene Modeling for Object Motion Detection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015515000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","mag":"2015515000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100511040","display_name":"Jiuyue Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JiuYue Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323198","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Data Vitalization, Research Institute in Shenzhen, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Data Vitalization, Research Institute in Shenzhen, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084799095","display_name":"ZuWhan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802406489","display_name":"Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv0wd17","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802406489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuwhan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","California Partners for Adv. Transp. Technol., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802406489","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Partners for Adv. Transp. Technol., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442123","display_name":"Zhang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9421-1014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Data Vitalization, Research Institute in Shenzhen, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Data Vitalization, Research Institute in Shenzhen, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100511040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94627077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"295","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.9116824269294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.725957989692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.718620240688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6867021322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.6128051280975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5466488003730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5412989854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5299286246299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.48447561264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4777333438396454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.4588175415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4142838716506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.31937485933303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2064875066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1656082570552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08814206719398499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.9116824269294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.725957989692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.718620240688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6867021322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.6128051280975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5466488003730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5412989854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5299286246299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.48447561264038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4777333438396454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4588175415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4142838716506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31937485933303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2064875066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1656082570552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08814206719398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2212432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1392181","https://openalex.org/W1499877760","https://openalex.org/W1969099813","https://openalex.org/W1994304612","https://openalex.org/W2039942072","https://openalex.org/W2056510881","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2107927826","https://openalex.org/W2114701396","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2122423951","https://openalex.org/W2126875642","https://openalex.org/W2128384066","https://openalex.org/W2140502383","https://openalex.org/W2151928481","https://openalex.org/W2161542313","https://openalex.org/W2166978545","https://openalex.org/W2171192355","https://openalex.org/W6600050343","https://openalex.org/W6629695367","https://openalex.org/W6648923259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105103921","https://openalex.org/W2093504595","https://openalex.org/W2400514148","https://openalex.org/W2086414697","https://openalex.org/W2136806931","https://openalex.org/W2012314832","https://openalex.org/W2953123162","https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W3010714307","https://openalex.org/W2123129869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Moving":[0],"object":[1],"detection":[2,67],"is":[3,146,175],"an":[4,30],"important":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,35,66,97,132],"a":[8,20,43,124,142],"traffic":[9,23,81,157,180],"surveillance":[10],"system.":[11],"Usual":[12],"background":[13,38,47,54,72,86,98,119,144],"subtraction":[14,48],"approaches":[15],"often":[16],"poorly":[17],"perform":[18],"on":[19,51,111],"long":[21],"outdoor":[22],"video":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,94,127],"vehicles":[27],"waiting":[28],"at":[29],"intersection":[31],"and":[32,37,45,55,87,90,107,148,174],"gradual":[33],"changes":[34,96],"illumination":[36],"shadow":[39],"position.":[40],"We":[41,102],"present":[42],"fast":[44],"robust":[46],"algorithm":[49],"based":[50,110],"unified":[52],"spatio-temporal":[53],"foreground":[56,88,136],"modeling.":[57,120,137],"The":[58,159],"correlation":[59,131],"between":[60],"neighboring":[61],"pixels":[62],"provides":[63],"high":[64],"levels":[65],"accuracy":[68],"in":[69,99],"the":[70,80,112,129,139,156,164,168,179],"dynamic":[71],"scene.":[73,158],"Our":[74],"Bayesian":[75],"fusion":[76,143],"method,":[77],"which":[78],"establishes":[79],"scene":[82],"model,":[83],"combines":[84],"both":[85,105],"models":[89],"considers":[91],"prior":[92],"probabilities":[93],"adapt":[95],"each":[100],"frame.":[101],"explicitly":[103],"model":[104],"temporal":[106],"spatial":[108,130],"information":[109],"kernel":[113],"density":[114],"estimation":[115],"(KDE)":[116],"formulation":[117,126],"for":[118,135,155,178],"Then,":[121],"we":[122],"use":[123],"Gaussian":[125],"describe":[128],"moving":[133],"objects":[134],"In":[138],"updating":[140,150],"step,":[141],"frame":[145],"generated,":[147],"reasonable":[149],"rates":[151],"are":[152],"also":[153],"proposed":[154,165],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"method":[166],"outperforms":[167],"previous":[169],"work":[170],"with":[171],"less":[172],"computation":[173],"better":[176],"suited":[177],"scenes.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}