{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074529621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","title":"A Two-Phase Method of Detecting Abnormalities in Aircraft Flight Data and Ranking Their Impact on Individual Flights","display_name":"A Two-Phase Method of Detecting Abnormalities in Aircraft Flight Data and Ranking Their Impact on Individual Flights","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074529621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","mag":"2074529621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071103443","display_name":"Edward Smart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-7476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Smart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Research, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Research, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866953","display_name":"David Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Research, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Research, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076735301","display_name":"J. Denman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116919","display_name":"Institute of Flight","ror":"https://ror.org/02cx1m445","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Denman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flight Data Services Ltd., Hampshire, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flight Data Services Ltd., Hampshire, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071103443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80098053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"1253","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty-detection","display_name":"Novelty detection","score":0.9054915904998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7299807667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.5734553933143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5320680141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.517437756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descent","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","score":0.4792604446411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4740602374076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-aviation","display_name":"Civil aviation","score":0.4725891053676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.46379050612449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.43194708228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-accident","display_name":"Aviation accident","score":0.414066344499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4103235602378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36093810200691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.2590729594230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22844719886779785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778924833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7064603","display_name":"Novelty detection","level":3,"score":0.9054915904998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7299807667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.5734553933143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5320680141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.517437756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624380","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4792604446411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4740602374076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512918668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206814","display_name":"Civil aviation","level":3,"score":0.4725891053676605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.46379050612449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.43194708228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908613842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108284447","display_name":"Aviation accident","level":3,"score":0.414066344499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4103235602378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36093810200691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.29355698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.2590729594230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22844719886779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2188391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484777458","https://openalex.org/W1499399937","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1555418314","https://openalex.org/W1567217660","https://openalex.org/W1570018702","https://openalex.org/W1570713908","https://openalex.org/W1994882049","https://openalex.org/W2027599245","https://openalex.org/W2056702017","https://openalex.org/W2077206016","https://openalex.org/W2081931155","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2095345875","https://openalex.org/W2097839764","https://openalex.org/W2102831150","https://openalex.org/W2103618108","https://openalex.org/W2105497548","https://openalex.org/W2119479037","https://openalex.org/W2125349052","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2139203131","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2140369911","https://openalex.org/W2148633389","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2163504715","https://openalex.org/W2166452187","https://openalex.org/W2170014674","https://openalex.org/W2184236393","https://openalex.org/W2492794003","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3144621507","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6674582357","https://openalex.org/W6684821008","https://openalex.org/W6686290513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313579484","https://openalex.org/W4294379376","https://openalex.org/W2898846663","https://openalex.org/W2351813902","https://openalex.org/W4280612309","https://openalex.org/W2759661760","https://openalex.org/W4293072576","https://openalex.org/W2379329029","https://openalex.org/W2142664682","https://openalex.org/W2612718957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-phase":[1],"novelty":[2],"detection":[3,176],"approach":[4,84,181],"to":[5,22,54,63,96,119,198,236],"locating":[6],"abnormalities":[7,106,184],"in":[8,34,110],"the":[9,20,35,43,52,70,90,97,121,132,138,143,148,171,174,180,202,210,213,216,222,237],"descent":[10,53],"phase":[11,104,115,125],"of":[12,46,48,145,189],"aircraft":[13,223],"flight":[14,50],"data":[15,27,160,206],"is":[16,156,196,219],"presented.":[17],"It":[18,208],"has":[19],"ability":[21],"model":[23],"normal":[24,61,205],"time":[25],"series":[26],"by":[28,69,89],"analyzing":[29],"snapshots":[30],"at":[31,107],"chosen":[32],"heights":[33,109,211],"descent,":[36],"weight":[37],"individual":[38],"abnormalities,":[39],"and":[40,75,77,134,147,178,204,221],"quantitatively":[41],"assess":[42],"overall":[44],"level":[45],"abnormality":[47],"a":[49,55,64,87,111,127,159,186],"during":[51],"given":[56,65],"runway.":[57],"The":[58,83,102,113,154,167,191,230],"method":[59,155,231],"models":[60],"approaches":[62],"runway":[66],"(as":[67],"determined":[68],"airline's":[71],"standard":[72],"operating":[73],"procedures)":[74],"detects":[76],"ranks":[78,116],"deviations":[79],"from":[80],"that":[81,170,179],"model.":[82],"expands":[85],"on":[86],"recommendation":[88],"UK":[91,98],"Air":[92],"Accident":[93],"Investigation":[94],"Branch":[95],"Civil":[99],"Aviation":[100],"Authority.":[101],"first":[103,133],"quantifies":[105],"certain":[108],"flight.":[112],"second":[114,135],"all":[117],"flights":[118],"identify":[120,199],"most":[122,225],"abnormal,":[123],"each":[124],"using":[126,158],"one-class":[128,150],"classifier.":[129],"For":[130],"both":[131],"phases,":[136],"i.e.,":[137],"support":[139],"vector":[140],"machine":[141],"(SVM),":[142],"mixture":[144],"Gaussians":[146],"K-means":[149],"classifiers":[151],"are":[152],"compared.":[153],"tested":[157],"set":[161],"containing":[162],"manually":[163],"labeled":[164],"abnormal":[165,203],"flights.":[166],"results":[168],"show":[169],"SVM":[172],"provides":[173],"best":[175],"rates":[177],"identifies":[182,209],"unseen":[183],"with":[185],"high":[187],"rate":[188],"accuracy.":[190],"feature":[192],"selection":[193],"tool":[194],"F-score":[195],"used":[197],"differences":[200],"between":[201,215],"sets.":[207],"where":[212],"discrimination":[214],"two":[217],"sets":[218],"largest":[220],"parameters":[224],"responsible":[226],"for":[227],"these":[228],"variations.":[229],"presented":[232],"adds":[233],"much":[234],"value":[235],"existing":[238],"event-based":[239],"approach.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
