{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084246939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","title":"Driver Behavior Classification at Intersections and Validation on Large Naturalistic Data Set","display_name":"Driver Behavior Classification at Intersections and Validation on Large Naturalistic Data Set","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084246939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","mag":"2084246939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053337662","display_name":"Georges S. Aoude","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georges S. Aoude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086731595","display_name":"Vishnu R. Desaraju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu R. Desaraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017600294","display_name":"Lauren H. Stephens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0659-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren H. Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci.. MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci.. MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011665886","display_name":"Jonathan P. How","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan P. How","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053337662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.3764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99372254,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"724","last_page":"736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.8713407516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6190586686134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.6152294278144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5911535620689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5795363187789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.528870165348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.5066602826118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5062016844749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.49987173080444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43548065423965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance-system","display_name":"Collision avoidance system","score":0.4336233139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3542936444282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.32903432846069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.297227680683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.212782621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14291328191757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.8713407516479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6190586686134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6152294278144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5911535620689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5795363187789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.528870165348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.5066602826118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5062016844749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.49987173080444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43548065423965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001988","display_name":"Collision avoidance system","level":4,"score":0.4336233139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3542936444282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.32903432846069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.297227680683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.212782621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14291328191757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2179537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41327757","https://openalex.org/W288182410","https://openalex.org/W650570789","https://openalex.org/W1486632395","https://openalex.org/W1489123706","https://openalex.org/W1497429237","https://openalex.org/W1504868247","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1532868442","https://openalex.org/W1573645005","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1975998913","https://openalex.org/W1989810136","https://openalex.org/W1993778792","https://openalex.org/W1995904828","https://openalex.org/W2022826790","https://openalex.org/W2046224275","https://openalex.org/W2046695925","https://openalex.org/W2079727548","https://openalex.org/W2098794415","https://openalex.org/W2100798515","https://openalex.org/W2113873965","https://openalex.org/W2116263092","https://openalex.org/W2117064915","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2124651605","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131762276","https://openalex.org/W2133658999","https://openalex.org/W2139203131","https://openalex.org/W2148744986","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159131763","https://openalex.org/W2162390551","https://openalex.org/W2162966954","https://openalex.org/W2167621323","https://openalex.org/W2758107681","https://openalex.org/W2784457746","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W3122125788","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6601657100","https://openalex.org/W6610373236","https://openalex.org/W6621437958","https://openalex.org/W6684489430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390040493","https://openalex.org/W2885713887","https://openalex.org/W4253267946","https://openalex.org/W2983014903","https://openalex.org/W2945385675","https://openalex.org/W1767544057","https://openalex.org/W2153778739","https://openalex.org/W196290454","https://openalex.org/W2377539543","https://openalex.org/W2093298662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,122],"ability":[1],"to":[2,29,113],"classify":[3,64],"driver":[4,12,44,117],"behavior":[5,45,118],"lays":[6],"the":[7,30,107,114,137,162,168],"foundation":[8],"for":[9,42,96,147],"more":[10],"advanced":[11],"assistance":[13],"systems.":[14],"In":[15],"particular,":[16],"improving":[17],"safety":[18],"at":[19,46,120],"intersections":[20,48],"has":[21,104],"been":[22,93],"identified":[23],"as":[24,66],"a":[25],"high":[26],"priority":[27],"due":[28],"large":[31],"number":[32],"of":[33,60,109,116,140,157],"intersection-related":[34],"fatalities.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"focuses":[38],"on":[39,52,73],"developing":[40],"algorithms":[41,61,124],"estimating":[43],"road":[47],"and":[49,78,161],"validating":[50],"them":[51],"real":[53],"traffic":[54],"data.":[55],"It":[56],"introduces":[57],"two":[58,85],"classes":[59],"that":[62,91],"can":[63],"drivers":[65],"compliant":[67],"or":[68],"violating.":[69],"They":[70],"are":[71,84,125,152],"based":[72],"(1)":[74],"support":[75],"vector":[76],"machines":[77],"(2)":[79],"hidden":[80],"Markov":[81],"models,":[82],"which":[83],"very":[86],"popular":[87],"machine":[88],"learning":[89],"approaches":[90],"have":[92],"used":[94],"successfully":[95,126],"classification":[97,119],"in":[98,133],"multiple":[99],"disciplines.":[100],"However,":[101],"existing":[102],"work":[103],"not":[105],"explored":[106],"benefits":[108],"applying":[110],"these":[111],"techniques":[112],"problem":[115],"intersections.":[121],"developed":[123],"validated":[127],"using":[128],"naturalistic":[129],"intersection":[130],"data":[131],"collected":[132],"Christiansburg,":[134],"VA,":[135],"through":[136],"U.S.":[138],"Department":[139],"Transportation":[141],"Cooperative":[142],"Intersection":[143],"Collision":[144],"Avoidance":[145],"System":[146],"Violations":[148],"initiative.":[149],"Their":[150],"performances":[151],"also":[153],"compared":[154],"with":[155,167],"those":[156],"three":[158],"traditional":[159],"methods,":[160],"results":[163],"show":[164],"significant":[165],"improvements":[166],"new":[169],"algorithms.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
