{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137513642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","title":"A Decision Fusion and Reasoning Module for a Traffic Sign Recognition System","display_name":"A Decision Fusion and Reasoning Module for a Traffic Sign Recognition System","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137513642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","mag":"2137513642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064376962","display_name":"Mirko Meuter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Meuter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025596430","display_name":"Christian Nunn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Nunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054085437","display_name":"Steffen Gormer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Michael Gormer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060536975","display_name":"Stefan M\u00fcller-Schneiders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130520","display_name":"Aptiv (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/039sb8791","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107152","https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Muller-Schneiders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electronics and Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Electron. & Safety, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080666933","display_name":"Anton Kummert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-5087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Kummert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Theory, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","Dept. of Commun. Theor., Univ. of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Theory, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun. Theor., Univ. of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064376962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130520"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94773431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"1126","last_page":"1134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6559926867485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.612655758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5826322436332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5433959364891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5383331179618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.5246701240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.47167620062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidential-reasoning-approach","display_name":"Evidential reasoning approach","score":0.45816120505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4365270435810089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4140723645687103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.41400039196014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3962201178073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3801412582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3778558373451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.3607698678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3563191294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.3319510221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2256225049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0825551450252533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559926867485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.612655758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5826322436332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5433959364891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5383331179618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.5246701240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.47167620062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156201811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418360","display_name":"Evidential reasoning approach","level":4,"score":0.45816120505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4365270435810089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4140723645687103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41400039196014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3962201178073883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3801412582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3778558373451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.3607698678970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3563191294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.3319510221481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2256225049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0825551450252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2011.2157497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109176799","https://openalex.org/W2077244209","https://openalex.org/W2096590953","https://openalex.org/W2098666383","https://openalex.org/W2115036400","https://openalex.org/W2129242707","https://openalex.org/W2131171972","https://openalex.org/W2138289443","https://openalex.org/W2140126736","https://openalex.org/W2144841545","https://openalex.org/W2149730711","https://openalex.org/W2150843659","https://openalex.org/W2159733498","https://openalex.org/W2161511449","https://openalex.org/W2161919449","https://openalex.org/W2162744616","https://openalex.org/W2163411466","https://openalex.org/W2164568552","https://openalex.org/W2166819896","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6678978601","https://openalex.org/W6683810576","https://openalex.org/W7005897313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W2790032261","https://openalex.org/W2899819381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"approach":[2],"for":[3,10,47,147],"a":[4,27,44,53,80,116,120,143,174],"decision":[5,81,106],"fusion":[6,30,45,74,111],"and":[7,90],"reasoning":[8,121],"system":[9,88,171],"vision-based":[11],"traffic":[12],"sign":[13,54,63,70],"recognition":[14,103],"is":[15,32,55,107,123,151],"presented.":[16],"This":[17],"module":[18,122],"consists":[19],"of":[20,128],"several":[21],"steps.":[22],"In":[23,65,83,138],"the":[24,36,62,69,72,84,87,102,110,129,136,159,164,170,177,186],"first":[25],"stage,":[26,86],"track-based":[28],"Bayesian":[29],"scheme":[31,75],"used":[33,124],"to":[34,42,50,60,67,97,125,135,140],"fuse":[35],"classification":[37],"results":[38],"from":[39,158],"each":[40,48],"frame":[41],"obtain":[43],"result":[46],"track":[49],"decide":[51,126],"whether":[52],"present,":[56],"as":[57,59,113,115],"well":[58,114],"determine":[61,68],"type.":[64],"order":[66],"type,":[71],"temporal":[73],"has":[76],"been":[77],"combined":[78],"with":[79],"tree.":[82],"second":[85],"combines":[89],"fuses":[91],"probable":[92],"identical":[93],"objects":[94],"which":[95,127],"help":[96],"further":[98],"reduce":[99],"failures":[100,155],"in":[101,172],"process.":[104],"The":[105],"based":[108],"on":[109,161,185],"results,":[112],"position":[117],"cue.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"passed":[130],"signs":[131,180],"should":[132],"be":[133],"shown":[134],"driver.":[137],"addition":[139],"these":[141],"modules,":[142],"general":[144],"evaluation":[145,160],"method":[146],"multi-class":[148],"tracking":[149],"systems":[150],"shown.":[152],"While":[153],"some":[154],"are":[156,181],"observed":[157],"object":[162],"level,":[163],"additional":[165],"post":[166],"processing":[167],"steps":[168],"improve":[169],"such":[173],"way":[175],"that":[176],"finally":[178],"presented":[179],"almost":[182],"always":[183],"correct":[184],"test":[187],"set.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
