{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138273245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","title":"A General Active-Learning Framework for On-Road Vehicle Recognition and Tracking","display_name":"A General Active-Learning Framework for On-Road Vehicle Recognition and Tracking","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138273245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","mag":"2138273245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073832382","display_name":"Sayanan Sivaraman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayanan Sivaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Intelligent and Safe Automobiles, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Lab. for Intell. & Safe Automobiles, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Intelligent and Safe Automobiles, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. for Intell. & Safe Automobiles, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068831718","display_name":"Mohan M. Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan Manubhai Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Intelligent and Safe Automobiles, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Lab. for Intell. & Safe Automobiles, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Intelligent and Safe Automobiles, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. for Intell. & Safe Automobiles, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":364,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99662818,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"267","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.7047549486160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6114782691001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6083738803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5985727906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.5866289734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5407043099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4725363552570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4292840361595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41310691833496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3513708710670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.28339719772338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.10952213406562805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.7047549486160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6114782691001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6083738803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5985727906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5866289734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5407043099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4725363552570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4292840361595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41310691833496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3513708710670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28339719772338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.10952213406562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2010.2040177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144771191","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1524-9050","issn":["1524-9050","1558-0016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.211.5983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.211.5983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cvrr.ucsd.edu/publications/2010/sivaraman_ITS10.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552460058","https://openalex.org/W1919659651","https://openalex.org/W2035710656","https://openalex.org/W2062564587","https://openalex.org/W2080954071","https://openalex.org/W2092451715","https://openalex.org/W2102963350","https://openalex.org/W2109832419","https://openalex.org/W2110255454","https://openalex.org/W2110493503","https://openalex.org/W2111810513","https://openalex.org/W2113201641","https://openalex.org/W2119208415","https://openalex.org/W2120010140","https://openalex.org/W2122717217","https://openalex.org/W2124633069","https://openalex.org/W2125399550","https://openalex.org/W2130799764","https://openalex.org/W2131076267","https://openalex.org/W2131087111","https://openalex.org/W2133514096","https://openalex.org/W2133816434","https://openalex.org/W2140539195","https://openalex.org/W2142550401","https://openalex.org/W2143635852","https://openalex.org/W2143969494","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2146036766","https://openalex.org/W2146769544","https://openalex.org/W2151023586","https://openalex.org/W2151232962","https://openalex.org/W2154271851","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2162508706","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2169027522","https://openalex.org/W2169233188","https://openalex.org/W2171925433","https://openalex.org/W4230030242","https://openalex.org/W6676257810","https://openalex.org/W6681277842","https://openalex.org/W6681651645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W2135362996","https://openalex.org/W1968585197","https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W2150578674","https://openalex.org/W877199042","https://openalex.org/W2122155275","https://openalex.org/W4247544095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,14],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,17,93,118,133],"general":[4],"active-learning":[5,19],"framework":[6,15,131],"for":[7,44],"robust":[8,134],"on-road":[9],"vehicle":[10,84,137],"recognition":[11,30,138],"and":[12,24,41,61,66,101,112,123,139,147],"tracking.":[13],"takes":[16],"novel":[18],"approach":[20],"to":[21,68,80,91],"building":[22],"vehicle-recognition":[23,51,100],"tracking":[25,88,96,102,140],"systems.":[26],"A":[27,72],"passively":[28,49],"trained":[29,50],"system":[31,52,104,141],"is":[32,53,77,89],"built":[33],"using":[34],"conventional":[35],"supervised":[36],"learning.":[37],"Using":[38],"the":[39,48],"query":[40],"archiving":[42],"interface":[43],"active":[45],"learning":[46,76],"(QUAIL),":[47],"evaluated":[54,108],"on":[55,109],"an":[56,82],"independent":[57],"real-world":[58],"data":[59,115],"set,":[60],"informative":[62],"samples":[63],"are":[64],"queried":[65],"archived":[67],"perform":[69],"selective":[70],"sampling.":[71],"second":[73],"round":[74],"of":[75,120],"then":[78],"performed":[79],"build":[81,92],"active-learning-based":[83,99],"recognizer.":[85],"Particle":[86],"filter":[87],"integrated":[90],"complete":[94],"multiple-vehicle":[95],"system.":[97],"The":[98],"(ALVeRT)":[103],"has":[105],"been":[106],"thoroughly":[107],"static":[110],"images":[111],"roadway":[113],"video":[114],"captured":[116],"in":[117],"variety":[119],"traffic,":[121],"illumination,":[122],"weather":[124],"conditions.":[125],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"that":[129],"this":[130],"yields":[132],"efficient":[135],"on-board":[136],"with":[142],"high":[143,145],"precision,":[144],"recall,":[146],"good":[148],"localization.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
