{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148173149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","title":"Detection of Abnormal Living Patterns for Elderly Living Alone Using Support Vector Data Description","display_name":"Detection of Abnormal Living Patterns for Elderly Living Alone Using Support Vector Data Description","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148173149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","mag":"2148173149","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089223293","display_name":"Jae Hyuk Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-0714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Hyuk Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program on Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea. russell@bmsil.snu.ac.kr","Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program on Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea. russell@bmsil.snu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082495705","display_name":"Boreom Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-5833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boreom Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112258007","display_name":"Kwang Suk Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang Suk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98847328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"438","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7625019550323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5761677622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5599102973937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5540338754653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5449730753898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4899851381778717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4808029234409332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-function","display_name":"Gaussian function","score":0.471152663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"Activities of daily living","score":0.45476585626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.38364356756210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32061854004859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26068639755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12329602241516113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7625019550323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5761677622795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5599102973937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5540338754653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5449730753898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4899851381778717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4808029234409332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.471152663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.45476585626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.38364356756210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32061854004859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26068639755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12329602241516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2011.2113352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21317086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497385253","https://openalex.org/W1603020270","https://openalex.org/W1963743577","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W1971751574","https://openalex.org/W1973199006","https://openalex.org/W2008671752","https://openalex.org/W2017692674","https://openalex.org/W2020451837","https://openalex.org/W2038935290","https://openalex.org/W2085764161","https://openalex.org/W2098764462","https://openalex.org/W2100294832","https://openalex.org/W2105816730","https://openalex.org/W2107306597","https://openalex.org/W2115982943","https://openalex.org/W2127694055","https://openalex.org/W2153519960","https://openalex.org/W2163991508","https://openalex.org/W2165131075","https://openalex.org/W2171813245","https://openalex.org/W2885725197","https://openalex.org/W6685591998","https://openalex.org/W6753274251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220715471","https://openalex.org/W4295035285","https://openalex.org/W4200022986","https://openalex.org/W2963637926","https://openalex.org/W3130734945","https://openalex.org/W2019890371","https://openalex.org/W2048140462","https://openalex.org/W4388542635","https://openalex.org/W2380827615","https://openalex.org/W2140288152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,124],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"developed":[4],"an":[5],"automated":[6],"behavior":[7,86,170],"analysis":[8],"system":[9,38,199],"using":[10],"infrared":[11],"(IR)":[12],"motion":[13,50,72,203],"sensors":[14,204],"to":[15,27,48,83,89,109,167],"assist":[16],"the":[17,21,29,42,45,70,96,111,115,129,137,141,147,150,156,161,165,168,187,197,201],"independent":[18],"living":[19,219],"of":[20,31,44,131,136,140,149,155,163,216],"elderly":[22,46,217],"who":[23],"live":[24],"alone":[25],"and":[26,52,61,88,104,184,189,205],"improve":[28],"efficiency":[30],"their":[32],"healthcare.":[33],"An":[34],"IR":[35,202],"motion-sensor-based":[36],"activity-monitoring":[37],"was":[39,81],"installed":[40],"in":[41,114,123,146],"houses":[43],"subjects":[47],"collect":[49],"signals":[51],"three":[53,98],"different":[54,132],"feature":[55,99],"values,":[56],"activity":[57],"level,":[58,60],"mobility":[59],"nonresponse":[62],"interval":[63],"(NRI).":[64],"These":[65],"factors":[66],"were":[67,107,182],"calculated":[68,172],"from":[69],"measured":[71],"signals.":[73],"The":[74,101,193],"support":[75],"vector":[76],"data":[77,103,106],"description":[78],"(SVDD)":[79],"method":[80,113],"used":[82,108],"classify":[84],"normal":[85],"patterns":[87,93,171],"detect":[90],"abnormal":[91],"behavioral":[92],"based":[94],"on":[95],"aforementioned":[97],"values.":[100],"simulation":[102,188],"real":[105,190],"verify":[110],"proposed":[112],"individual":[116],"analysis.":[117],"A":[118],"robust":[119],"scheme":[120],"is":[121],"presented":[122],"paper":[125],"for":[126,186,213],"optimally":[127],"selecting":[128],"values":[130],"parameters":[133],"especially":[134],"that":[135,196],"scale":[138],"parameter":[139],"Gaussian":[142],"kernel":[143],"function":[144],"involving":[145],"training":[148],"SVDD":[151,166,209],"window":[152],"length,":[153],"T":[154],"circadian":[157],"rhythmic":[158],"approach":[159],"with":[160,208],"aim":[162],"applying":[164],"daily":[169],"over":[173],"24":[174],"h.":[175],"Accuracies":[176],"by":[177],"positive":[178],"predictive":[179],"value":[180],"(PPV)":[181],"95.8%":[183],"90.5%":[185],"data,":[191],"respectively.":[192],"results":[194],"suggest":[195],"monitoring":[198],"utilizing":[200],"abnormal-behavior-pattern":[206],"detection":[207],"are":[210],"effective":[211],"methods":[212],"home":[214],"healthcare":[215],"people":[218],"alone.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}