{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158479150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","title":"An Improved Level Set for Liver Segmentation and Perfusion Analysis in MRIs","display_name":"An Improved Level Set for Liver Segmentation and Perfusion Analysis in MRIs","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158479150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","mag":"2158479150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19129028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389238","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory, Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory, Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006404871","display_name":"Lixu Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Guided Surgery and Therapy Laboratory Med-X Research Institute and Department of Computer Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108827596","display_name":"Lijun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2329-8113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800570007","display_name":"Renji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypbx660","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800570007"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2800570007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029390521","display_name":"Jianrong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800570007","display_name":"Renji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypbx660","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800570007"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianrong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2800570007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89760699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"94","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6959359049797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6528128981590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.570918083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5389007329940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5108067989349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion","display_name":"Perfusion","score":0.5029458403587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","score":0.4710771143436432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-marching-method","display_name":"Fast marching method","score":0.4386962056159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40175312757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3555688261985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.26035255193710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24429890513420105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6959359049797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6528128981590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.570918083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5389007329940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5108067989349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146957229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266915","display_name":"Perfusion","level":2,"score":0.5029458403587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153008295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535093","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","level":2,"score":0.4710771143436432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17866373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5437042","display_name":"Fast marching method","level":2,"score":0.4386962056159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40175312757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3555688261985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.26035255193710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24429890513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008102","descriptor_name":"Liver Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008102","descriptor_name":"Liver Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008102","descriptor_name":"Liver Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018810","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018810","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018810","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2008.2007110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19129028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19129028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123659436","https://openalex.org/W184315548","https://openalex.org/W1238092070","https://openalex.org/W1594957066","https://openalex.org/W1604021722","https://openalex.org/W1800027709","https://openalex.org/W1850470120","https://openalex.org/W1973441086","https://openalex.org/W1975258254","https://openalex.org/W1977946246","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W1996668601","https://openalex.org/W1996875906","https://openalex.org/W2005907102","https://openalex.org/W2014008613","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2024762046","https://openalex.org/W2035950812","https://openalex.org/W2083297046","https://openalex.org/W2085432525","https://openalex.org/W2097543505","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2106160885","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2129879687","https://openalex.org/W2134478276","https://openalex.org/W2137063708","https://openalex.org/W2141222943","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2148918315","https://openalex.org/W2158914083","https://openalex.org/W2162932047","https://openalex.org/W2437740615","https://openalex.org/W4255326017","https://openalex.org/W6607435571","https://openalex.org/W6635797942","https://openalex.org/W6675878783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387017781","https://openalex.org/W1860444874","https://openalex.org/W3000808826","https://openalex.org/W2417159703","https://openalex.org/W164383553","https://openalex.org/W2393882730","https://openalex.org/W383961223","https://openalex.org/W2006136340","https://openalex.org/W2377417179","https://openalex.org/W1550236945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"liver":[1,15,66,111,128,144,151],"segmentation":[2,145],"accurately":[3],"from":[4],"MRIs":[5],"is":[6,116,171],"the":[7,23,27,49,57,65,79,92,114,139,168],"primary":[8],"and":[9,40,61,81,96,167],"crucial":[10],"step":[11],"for":[12],"any":[13],"automated":[14],"perfusion":[16,152,169],"analysis,":[17],"which":[18,98],"provides":[19],"important":[20],"information":[21],"about":[22],"blood":[24],"supply":[25],"to":[26,46,56,77,107,124],"liver.":[28],"Although":[29],"implicit":[30],"contour":[31,115],"extraction":[32],"methods,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"level":[36,121],"set":[37,122],"methods":[38,95],"(LSMs)":[39],"active":[41],"contours,":[42],"are":[43,51,87,99],"often":[44],"used":[45],"segment":[47],"livers,":[48],"results":[50,131],"not":[52],"always":[53],"satisfactory":[54],"due":[55],"presence":[58],"of":[59],"artifacts":[60],"low-gradient":[62],"response":[63],"on":[64,132],"boundary.":[67,129],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"a":[73,103,109,126,149,162],"multiple-initialization,":[74],"multiple-step":[75],"LSM":[76],"overcome":[78],"leakage":[80],"over-segmentation":[82],"problems.":[83],"The":[84],"multiple-initialization":[85],"curves":[86],"first":[88],"evolved":[89,117],"separately":[90],"using":[91,119,161],"fast":[93],"marching":[94],"LSMs,":[97],"then":[100],"combined":[101],"with":[102],"convex":[104],"hull":[105],"algorithm":[106,166],"obtain":[108],"rough":[110],"contour.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"again":[118],"global":[120],"smoothing":[123],"determine":[125],"precise":[127],"Experimental":[130],"12":[133],"abdominal":[134],"MRI":[135],"series":[136],"showed":[137],"that":[138,148],"proposed":[140],"approach":[141],"obtained":[142,159],"better":[143],"results,":[146],"so":[147],"refined":[150],"curve":[153,170],"without":[154],"respiration":[155],"affection":[156],"can":[157],"be":[158],"by":[160,173],"modified":[163],"chamfer":[164],"matching":[165],"evaluated":[172],"radiologists.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
