{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115155821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","title":"Partitioning the UMLS semantic network","display_name":"Partitioning the UMLS semantic network","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115155821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","mag":"2115155821","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12075663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102, USA","Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077648725","display_name":"Yehoshua Perl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Perl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040065844","display_name":"Michael Halper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Halper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA","[Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070654032","display_name":"James Geller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Geller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Dept., New Jersey Inst. of Technol., Newark, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105836405","display_name":"Huanying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9510-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA","[Department of Health Informatics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Health Informatics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7898782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"102","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.9778706431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8110885620117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.6371584534645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5815697312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-network","display_name":"Semantic network","score":0.5707517266273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5696978569030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44611412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.42396172881126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12126031517982483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9778706431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8110885620117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.6371584534645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5815697312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.5707517266273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5696978569030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44611412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42396172881126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12126031517982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004014","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004014","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004014","descriptor_name":"Dictionaries as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/titb.2002.1006296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68937846","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","issn_l":"1089-7771","issn":["1089-7771","1558-0032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12075663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12075663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90126425","https://openalex.org/W101651648","https://openalex.org/W141694252","https://openalex.org/W157320947","https://openalex.org/W1042295638","https://openalex.org/W1500388473","https://openalex.org/W1518399097","https://openalex.org/W1526500261","https://openalex.org/W1531420196","https://openalex.org/W1579458125","https://openalex.org/W1596282532","https://openalex.org/W1604730643","https://openalex.org/W1970194957","https://openalex.org/W1971764118","https://openalex.org/W2071492511","https://openalex.org/W2115871101","https://openalex.org/W2135240301","https://openalex.org/W2140205652","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W6603693362","https://openalex.org/W6627073796","https://openalex.org/W6630046547","https://openalex.org/W6635752634","https://openalex.org/W6677115753","https://openalex.org/W7025199648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1822792362","https://openalex.org/W1507779355","https://openalex.org/W95090919","https://openalex.org/W2122747165","https://openalex.org/W1042295638","https://openalex.org/W2129765832","https://openalex.org/W2530576204","https://openalex.org/W2171752146","https://openalex.org/W2171844289","https://openalex.org/W2115155821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11,66],"unified":[1],"medical":[2],"language":[3],"system":[4],"(UMLS)":[5],"integrates":[6],"many":[7],"well-established":[8],"biomedical":[9],"terminologies.":[10],"UMLS":[12,27],"semantic":[13],"network":[14],"(SN)":[15],"can":[16],"help":[17],"orient":[18],"users":[19],"to":[20,48,60,84],"the":[21,26,36,53,69,72,75,78,86],"vast":[22],"knowledge":[23],"content":[24],"of":[25,74],"Metathesaurus":[28],"(META)":[29],"via":[30],"its":[31],"abstract":[32],"conceptual":[33],"view.":[34],"However,":[35],"SN":[37,54],"itself":[38],"is":[39,71],"large":[40],"and":[41,43],"complex":[42],"may":[44],"still":[45],"be":[46],"difficult":[47],"comprehend.":[49],"Our":[50],"technique":[51],"partitions":[52],"into":[55,89],"smaller":[56],"meaningful":[57],"units":[58],"amenable":[59],"display":[61],"on":[62],"limited-sized":[63],"computer":[64],"screens.":[65],"basis":[67],"for":[68],"partitioning":[70],"distribution":[73],"relationships":[76],"within":[77],"SN.":[79],"Three":[80],"rules":[81],"are":[82],"applied":[83],"transform":[85],"original":[87],"partition":[88],"a":[90],"second":[91],"more":[92],"cohesive":[93],"partition.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
