{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383112429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2023.3292241","title":"Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis and a Security Evaluation Framework for AND-RX Ciphers","display_name":"Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis and a Security Evaluation Framework for AND-RX Ciphers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383112429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2023.3292241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2023.3292241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2023.3292241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103227343","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-6518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042024000","display_name":"Senpeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-3720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senpeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082713075","display_name":"Xuejia Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-4783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejia Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435882","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-0930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101649022","display_name":"Jie Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-1513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020806259","display_name":"Bin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-7005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057717741","display_name":"Tairong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tairong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, PLA SSF Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103227343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"6025","last_page":"6040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7421121001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.7200897932052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","score":0.6192026138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","score":0.6057643890380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5998175740242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossible-differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Impossible differential cryptanalysis","score":0.5951424241065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provable-security","display_name":"Provable security","score":0.5640897750854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287817716598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-schedule","display_name":"Key schedule","score":0.4931628108024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.4418962001800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44154179096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3899223804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34780120849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.20498022437095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.19489431381225586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7421121001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7200897932052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82424418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826463","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.6192026138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36123800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224471","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.6057643890380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5998175740242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120488936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3005748","display_name":"Impossible differential cryptanalysis","level":5,"score":0.5951424241065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131672422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852594","display_name":"Provable security","level":3,"score":0.5640897750854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287817716598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112145980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2569509","display_name":"Key schedule","level":5,"score":0.4931628108024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.4418962001800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44154179096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3899223804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34780120849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.20498022437095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.19489431381225586}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2023.3292241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2023.3292241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1091139498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3941928261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4074203926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902428","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4182516555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4596875379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6866173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB2101601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148161500","https://openalex.org/W197228877","https://openalex.org/W232563436","https://openalex.org/W1410816365","https://openalex.org/W1539178658","https://openalex.org/W1541703086","https://openalex.org/W1561363170","https://openalex.org/W1598147411","https://openalex.org/W2072296411","https://openalex.org/W2072787545","https://openalex.org/W2076397729","https://openalex.org/W2087928947","https://openalex.org/W2120248756","https://openalex.org/W2190847501","https://openalex.org/W2252688270","https://openalex.org/W2415522525","https://openalex.org/W2423456660","https://openalex.org/W2476423892","https://openalex.org/W2496427131","https://openalex.org/W2549714595","https://openalex.org/W2584778576","https://openalex.org/W2752550452","https://openalex.org/W2772442099","https://openalex.org/W2790095240","https://openalex.org/W2793476918","https://openalex.org/W2920207710","https://openalex.org/W2991554051","https://openalex.org/W3022090580","https://openalex.org/W3097161896","https://openalex.org/W3141674407","https://openalex.org/W3162454564","https://openalex.org/W3171127551","https://openalex.org/W3217265137","https://openalex.org/W4231286867","https://openalex.org/W4311870316","https://openalex.org/W4312557518","https://openalex.org/W4318815658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003194200","https://openalex.org/W57168481","https://openalex.org/W2562003519","https://openalex.org/W2156908834","https://openalex.org/W1410349837","https://openalex.org/W2507153853","https://openalex.org/W3142558777","https://openalex.org/W1481972931","https://openalex.org/W2584836525","https://openalex.org/W2783672651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,63,84,193],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,59,105,200,240],"security":[4,47,207,232,245,312,367],"evaluation":[5],"framework":[6,17],"for":[7,42,150,175,339,357],"AND-RX":[8],"ciphers":[9,153,177],"against":[10],"impossible":[11,38],"differential":[12,39,116,276],"cryptanalysis":[13],"is":[14,18,65,81,118,156,197,239,278,351,362],"proposed.":[15,82,286],"This":[16],"constructed":[19],"based":[20,161],"on":[21,133,162,259],"three":[22,121],"different":[23],"methods":[24,143,165],"towards":[25],"finding":[26],"the":[27,87,93,102,110,124,134,137,147,172,205,222,243,252,273,316,329,336,340,346,353,359,365,370,374],"theoretical":[28,31],"upper":[29],"boundary,":[30,33,104,186,208],"lower":[32],"and":[34,69,89,96,154,214,220,236,247,261,303],"practical":[35,103,148,347,360],"boundary":[36,48,149,246,348,361,368,371],"of":[37,107,202,224,318,328,349],"distinguishers":[40,308,327],"(short":[41],"ID)":[43],"respectively.":[44],"The":[45,120,195],"provable":[46,206,231,244,311,366],"(upper":[49],"boundary)":[50],"can":[51,144,189,342],"be":[52,159,190],"calculated":[53],"with":[54,114,140,192,364,373],"two":[55],"round-function-related":[56],"matrices":[57],"through":[58],"few":[60],"matrix":[61],"multiplications,":[62],"calculation":[64],"beyond":[66],"actual":[67],"input":[68,88],"output":[70,90],"differences.":[71],"For":[72,101,204,218,234,265,280,287,314,334],"searching":[73,254,376],"longer":[74,187,257],"IDs":[75,113,188,227,258,269,284,291,299,320],"(lower":[76],"boundary),":[77],"an":[78],"automatic":[79,253,375],"method":[80,106],"With":[83,251],"method,":[85,255],"given":[86],"difference,":[91],"all":[92,109,304],"possible":[94],"direct":[95],"indirect":[97],"contradictions":[98],"are":[99,216,263,270,285,292,332],"detected.":[100],"approximating":[108],"potential":[111],"longest":[112,226,298,319],"concrete":[115],"trails":[117],"introduced.":[119],"boundaries":[122,138],"validate":[123],"correctness":[125,196],"from":[126],"each":[127],"other.":[128],"According":[129],"to":[130,158],"our":[131,185],"result,":[132],"one":[135,301],"hand,":[136,174],"derived":[139,372],"well-designed":[141],"ID-construction":[142],"already":[145],"reach":[146,184,343],"some":[151,256],"block":[152],"it":[155],"unlikely":[157],"improved":[160],"known":[163],"construction":[164,169],"or":[166,369],"future":[167],"unknown":[168],"methods.":[170],"On":[171],"other":[173],"those":[176],"whose":[178],"current":[179,225,248],"best":[180,249,275],"result":[181],"does":[182],"not":[183,322],"discovered":[191],"framework.":[194],"validated":[198],"by":[199,300],"series":[201],"applications.":[203],"four":[209],"family":[210],"ciphers-SIMON,":[211],"Simeck,":[212,221,315],"Friet-PC":[213,235,260],"SAND":[215,262],"investigated.":[217],"SIMON":[219,350],"lengths":[223],"have":[228],"reached":[229,309],"their":[230],"boundaries.":[233,313],"SAND,":[237],"there":[238],"gap":[241],"between":[242],"results.":[250],"discovered.":[264,333],"Friet-PC,":[266],"128":[267],"11-round":[268,283],"discovered,":[271],"while":[272],"previous":[274,297],"distinguisher":[277],"9-round.":[279],"SAND64,":[281],"256":[282],"SAND128,":[288],"456":[289],"14-round":[290],"presented.":[293],"Both":[294],"results":[295,354],"extend":[296],"round":[302],"these":[305],"newly":[306],"proposed":[307],"corresponding":[310],"length":[317,331],"has":[321],"been":[323],"improved.":[324],"However,":[325],"more":[326],"same":[330],"Simeck64,":[335],"increased":[337],"ratio":[338],"quantity":[341],"300%.":[344],"Besides,":[345],"investigated,":[352],"indicate":[355],"that":[356],"SIMON,":[358],"identical":[363],"method.":[377]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}