{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312701615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2022.3220261","title":"Energy Efficiency of Massive Random Access in MIMO Quasi-Static Rayleigh Fading Channels With Finite Blocklength","display_name":"Energy Efficiency of Massive Random Access in MIMO Quasi-Static Rayleigh Fading Channels With Finite Blocklength","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312701615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2022.3220261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2022.3220261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2022.3220261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024843689","display_name":"Junyuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-336X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065362219","display_name":"Yongpeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-5057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025609529","display_name":"Shuo Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-795X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631306","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Vincent Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88017731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"1618","last_page":"1657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converse","display_name":"Converse","score":0.7378334999084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5146111249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4510754942893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.44645607471466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-notation","display_name":"Mathematical notation","score":0.4421822130680084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.4167361557483673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.40421298146247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3831331431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35373011231422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.25653576850891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12409153580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0756106972694397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375963","display_name":"Converse","level":2,"score":0.7378334999084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5146111249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4510754942893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.44645607471466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24457124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140046","display_name":"Mathematical notation","level":3,"score":0.4421822130680084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.4167361557483673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.40421298146247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3831331431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35373011231422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.25653576850891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12409153580665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0756106972694397}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2022.3220261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2022.3220261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3010659421","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u7fa4\u667a\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3452697306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12031011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3504475426","display_name":"NSF-BSF:CIF: Small:  A Unified View of Estimation and Information Relationships for Networks and Beyond","funder_award_id":"1908308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3532766577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YF-B1801102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G459214994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4950456183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BP0719010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7814127966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18DZ2270700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8401394514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116440298","https://openalex.org/W657294055","https://openalex.org/W1519126327","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1969101552","https://openalex.org/W1974755392","https://openalex.org/W1993944611","https://openalex.org/W2034274945","https://openalex.org/W2036533317","https://openalex.org/W2041085951","https://openalex.org/W2083233139","https://openalex.org/W2091482891","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2105206521","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2111992537","https://openalex.org/W2112063104","https://openalex.org/W2127351001","https://openalex.org/W2127759934","https://openalex.org/W2133214726","https://openalex.org/W2135754713","https://openalex.org/W2320918358","https://openalex.org/W2706056020","https://openalex.org/W2722484005","https://openalex.org/W2742359230","https://openalex.org/W2786697717","https://openalex.org/W2914549166","https://openalex.org/W2963128632","https://openalex.org/W2963372876","https://openalex.org/W2963962451","https://openalex.org/W2964010919","https://openalex.org/W2974960803","https://openalex.org/W2981917204","https://openalex.org/W3015801342","https://openalex.org/W3034927594","https://openalex.org/W3105107840","https://openalex.org/W3114006414","https://openalex.org/W3130994510","https://openalex.org/W3133603318","https://openalex.org/W3135158731","https://openalex.org/W3160512734","https://openalex.org/W3199229030","https://openalex.org/W3210796143","https://openalex.org/W4205762459","https://openalex.org/W4205855417","https://openalex.org/W4210402271","https://openalex.org/W4213414129","https://openalex.org/W4225427026","https://openalex.org/W4226133815","https://openalex.org/W4250954493","https://openalex.org/W4285114445","https://openalex.org/W4300877731","https://openalex.org/W4321770603","https://openalex.org/W6604676511","https://openalex.org/W6635532581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116044594","https://openalex.org/W2101999641","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2052600062","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W289296924","https://openalex.org/W2122920812","https://openalex.org/W2076148615","https://openalex.org/W2942696422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,24,48,59,65,72,77,80,85,91,104,113,121,124,130,133,149,154,165,172,178,183,188,194,200,203,208,231,254,262,266],"massive":[4,155],"random":[5,156],"access":[6,157],"problem":[7],"in":[8,47,116,128,141,177,187,193,253,261],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"(MIMO)":[11],"quasi-static":[12],"Rayleigh":[13],"fading":[14],"channels.":[15],"Specifically,":[16],"we":[17,69,162,198,226],"derive":[18],"achievability":[19,94],"and":[20,51,62,75,95,107,272],"converse":[21,96],"bounds":[22,97],"on":[23,216],"minimum":[25],"energy-per-bit":[26],"required":[27],"for":[28,103,112,153],"each":[29],"active":[30,82,211,223],"user":[31],"to":[32],"transmit$J$bits":[33],"with":[34,50,74,171],"blocklength$n$,":[35],"power$P$,":[36],"and$L$receive":[37],"antennas":[38,176],"under":[39,258],"a":[40,53,138],"per-user":[41],"probability":[42],"of":[43,67,79,132,143,151,174,180,190,196,202,210,230,233,256,264],"error":[44],"(PUPE)":[45],"constraint,":[46],"cases":[49],"without":[52,76],"priori":[54],"channel":[55],"state":[56],"information":[57],"at":[58,84],"receiver":[60],"(CSIR":[61],"no-CSI).":[63],"In":[64],"case":[66,106,115,179,189,195,255,263],"no-CSI,":[68,197],"consider":[70],"both":[71],"settings":[73],"knowledge":[78],"number$K_{a}$of":[81],"users":[83,212,221,235],"receiver.":[86],"Numerical":[87],"evaluation":[88],"shows":[89],"that":[90,123,164],"gap":[92],"between":[93],"is":[98,213,269],"less":[99,108],"than":[100,109],"2.5":[101],"dB":[102,111],"CSIR":[105],"4":[110],"no-CSI":[114],"most":[117],"considered":[118],"regimes.":[119],"Under":[120],"condition":[122],"distribution":[125],"of$K_{a}$is":[126],"known":[127],"advance,":[129],"uncertainty":[131],"exact":[134],"value":[135],"of$K_{a}$entails":[136],"only":[137,273],"small":[139],"penalty":[140],"terms":[142],"energy":[144],"efficiency.":[145],"Our":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148,163],"significance":[150],"MIMO":[152],"problem.":[158],"As":[159],"an":[160],"example,":[161],"spectral":[166],"efficiency":[167],"grows":[168],"approximately":[169],"linearly":[170],"number":[173,209,232],"receive":[175],"CSIR,":[181,265],"whereas":[182],"growth":[184],"rate":[185],"decreases":[186],"no-CSI.":[191],"Moreover,":[192],"demonstrate":[199],"suboptimality":[201],"pilot-assisted":[204],"scheme,":[205],"especially":[206],"when":[207],"large.":[214],"Building":[215],"non-asymptotic":[217],"results,":[218],"assuming":[219],"all":[220],"are":[222],"and$J=\\Theta":[224],"(1)$,":[225],"obtain":[227],"scaling":[228],"laws":[229],"supported":[234],"as":[236],"follows:":[237],"when$L":[238],"=":[239,250],"\\Theta":[240],"\\left":[241,243,277],"({n^{2}}\\right)$and$P=\\Theta":[242],"({\\frac":[244],"{1}{n^{2}}}\\right)$,":[245],"one":[246],"can":[247],"reliably":[248],"serve$K":[249],"\\mathcal":[251],"{O}(n^{2})$users":[252],"no-CSI;":[257],"mild":[259],"conditions":[260],"PUPE":[267],"requirement":[268],"satisfied":[270],"if":[271],"if$\\frac":[274],"{nL\\ln":[275],"KP}{K}=\\Omega":[276],"({1}\\right)$.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}