{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009469272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","title":"Keyless Covert Communication via Channel State Information","display_name":"Keyless Covert Communication via Channel State Information","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009469272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","mag":"3009469272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055549636","display_name":"Hassan ZivariFard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Zivarifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-0121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055689993","display_name":"Matthieu R. Bloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-9050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu R. Bloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-9050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062861585","display_name":"Aria Nosratinia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aria Nosratinia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-0165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055549636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84835432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"8","first_page":"5440","last_page":"5474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7966830730438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.7221731543540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.7146278023719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6977567672729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.639125645160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5781232714653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5403350591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5132791996002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.49076685309410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.49015769362449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4290931522846222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-secret","display_name":"Shared secret","score":0.41438543796539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3590272068977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3017772436141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22224795818328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.22075608372688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21368083357810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1799117922782898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7966830730438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.7221731543540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.7146278023719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6977567672729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.639125645160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5781232714653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5403350591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5132791996002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.49076685309410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.49015769362449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4290931522846222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184660509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462624","display_name":"Shared secret","level":3,"score":0.41438543796539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3590272068977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3017772436141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22224795818328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.22075608372688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21368083357810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1799117922782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2021.3135291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3016348827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1956213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7179502068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1955401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182801106","https://openalex.org/W636358068","https://openalex.org/W1430155527","https://openalex.org/W1494099594","https://openalex.org/W1553965766","https://openalex.org/W1897081267","https://openalex.org/W1971485486","https://openalex.org/W1978070031","https://openalex.org/W1993176105","https://openalex.org/W1998812578","https://openalex.org/W2010669591","https://openalex.org/W2024887308","https://openalex.org/W2045638068","https://openalex.org/W2052267390","https://openalex.org/W2068028939","https://openalex.org/W2084796966","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2125999125","https://openalex.org/W2127341324","https://openalex.org/W2129137934","https://openalex.org/W2139352051","https://openalex.org/W2140660211","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2150412388","https://openalex.org/W2165053755","https://openalex.org/W2167447263","https://openalex.org/W2261921850","https://openalex.org/W2465417074","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2518143623","https://openalex.org/W2594076218","https://openalex.org/W2779506040","https://openalex.org/W2798736588","https://openalex.org/W2810713150","https://openalex.org/W2900953552","https://openalex.org/W2949758620","https://openalex.org/W2963113656","https://openalex.org/W2963194416","https://openalex.org/W2963199867","https://openalex.org/W2963892833","https://openalex.org/W2985659114","https://openalex.org/W3006636511","https://openalex.org/W3009469272","https://openalex.org/W3081217281","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3102159535","https://openalex.org/W3103270291","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W3169111758","https://openalex.org/W3182262125","https://openalex.org/W4210572675","https://openalex.org/W4210733153","https://openalex.org/W4300840296","https://openalex.org/W6774562779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W2117054468","https://openalex.org/W1568579691","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W4386075149","https://openalex.org/W4239080508","https://openalex.org/W2326198059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,202],"consider":[1],"the":[2,12,27,52,54,84,87,102,113,121,138,147,157,160,163,166,174,180,190,199,208],"problem":[3],"of":[4,78,115,162,215],"covert":[5,181,200,209],"communication":[6,37,50,68,139],"over":[7,51],"a":[8,76,94,116,130,150],"state-dependent":[9],"channel":[10],"when":[11],"Channel":[13],"State":[14],"Information":[15],"(CSI)":[16],"is":[17,45,90,99,171,186,211,218],"available":[18,172,188],"either":[19,25],"non-causally,":[20],"causally,":[21,24],"or":[22,30],"strictly":[23],"at":[26,31,83,120,173,189],"transmitter":[28,33,122,175],"alone,":[29],"both":[32],"and":[34,123,140,176,195],"receiver.":[35,125],"Covert":[36,67],"with":[38,133,213],"respect":[39],"to":[40,101,106,136],"an":[41,60,71],"adversary,":[42],"called":[43],"\u201cwarden,\u201d":[44],"one":[46],"in":[47,73,149],"which,":[48],"despite":[49,159],"channel,":[53],"warden\u2019s":[55,167],"observation":[56],"remains":[57],"indistinguishable":[58],"from":[59,146,156],"output":[61],"induced":[62],"by":[63,75],"innocent":[64],"channel-input":[65],"symbols.":[66],"involves":[69],"fooling":[70],"adversary":[72],"part":[74],"proliferation":[77],"codebooks;":[79],"for":[80,206],"reliable":[81],"decoding":[82],"legitimate":[85,124],"receiver,":[86,177],"codebook":[88],"uncertainty":[89],"typically":[91],"removed":[92],"via":[93],"shared":[95,118,144],"secret":[96,131,155],"key":[97,119,132],"that":[98,152],"unavailable":[100],"warden.":[103],"In":[104],"contrast":[105],"previous":[107],"work,":[108],"we":[109,127,178,192],"do":[110],"not":[111],"assume":[112],"availability":[114],"large":[117],"Instead,":[126],"only":[128,187],"require":[129],"negligible":[134],"rate":[135],"bootstrap":[137],"our":[141],"scheme":[142],"extracts":[143],"randomness":[145],"CSI":[148,164,170,185,216],"manner":[151],"keeps":[153],"it":[154],"warden,":[158],"influence":[161],"on":[165,198],"output.":[168],"When":[169,184],"derive":[179,193],"capacity":[182,210],"region.":[183],"transmitter,":[191],"inner":[194],"outer":[196],"bounds":[197],"capacity.":[201],"also":[203],"provide":[204],"examples":[205],"which":[207],"positive":[212],"knowledge":[214],"but":[217],"zero":[219],"without":[220],"it.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
