{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112258947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","title":"Capacity of Gaussian Channels With Duty Cycle and Power Constraints","display_name":"Capacity of Gaussian Channels With Duty Cycle and Power Constraints","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112258947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","mag":"2112258947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423932","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-8129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Dept. of Electron. Eng. & Inf. Sci., Univ. of Sci. & Technol. of China, Hefei, , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng. & Inf. Sci., Univ. of Sci. & Technol. of China, Hefei, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081342685","display_name":"Dongning Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-3480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongning Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075816408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86700484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"1615","last_page":"1629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.7673875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5514748692512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5421039462089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.488329142332077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.45211729407310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4492435157299042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.438809871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4281969666481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42020758986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37672388553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37670910358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32539618015289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3239976763725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27835679054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2760453224182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11061695218086243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09321275353431702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.7673875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5514748692512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5421039462089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.488329142332077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.45211729407310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4492435157299042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.438809871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4281969666481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42020758986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37672388553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37670910358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32539618015289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3239976763725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27835679054260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2760453224182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11061695218086243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09321275353431702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2295616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.762.9299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.762.9299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.4687.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322170","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491720843","https://openalex.org/W1534416612","https://openalex.org/W1594563152","https://openalex.org/W1966627784","https://openalex.org/W1990250352","https://openalex.org/W2005540329","https://openalex.org/W2007674530","https://openalex.org/W2021097403","https://openalex.org/W2022843495","https://openalex.org/W2031724611","https://openalex.org/W2062187863","https://openalex.org/W2064123516","https://openalex.org/W2068852020","https://openalex.org/W2071061952","https://openalex.org/W2100117806","https://openalex.org/W2101506680","https://openalex.org/W2105204872","https://openalex.org/W2111865117","https://openalex.org/W2111930879","https://openalex.org/W2125541290","https://openalex.org/W2136512896","https://openalex.org/W2140314107","https://openalex.org/W2154750699","https://openalex.org/W2166664859","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W3101059620","https://openalex.org/W3102948910","https://openalex.org/W4239197373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59120657","https://openalex.org/W3091795725","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W2384509413","https://openalex.org/W2995861515","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W2139615693","https://openalex.org/W2121601714","https://openalex.org/W2500903769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,135],"many":[1,136],"wireless":[2],"communication":[3],"systems,":[4],"radios":[5],"are":[6],"subject":[7,80],"to":[8,33,53,62,81,130,190,206,224],"a":[9,15,23,35,44,58,82,107,124,151,165,216,228],"duty":[10,37,83,96,173,253],"cycle":[11,38,84,97,174,254],"constraint,":[12],"that":[13],"is,":[14],"radio":[16,46,60],"can":[17,103,142,167,240],"only":[18],"actively":[19],"transmit":[20,91],"signals":[21],"over":[22,150,201],"fraction":[24,112],"of":[25,74,113,162,183,211,218,261],"the":[26,72,110,132,160,180,212,219,258],"time.":[27],"For":[28],"example,":[29],"it":[30,51],"is":[31,99,128,156,176,193,199,204,222,236],"desirable":[32],"have":[34],"small":[36],"in":[39,118,157,164,246],"some":[40],"low":[41],"power":[42,92],"systems;":[43],"half-duplex":[45],"cannot":[47],"keep":[48],"transmitting":[49],"if":[50],"wishes":[52],"receive":[54],"useful":[55],"signals;":[56],"and":[57,64,187,203,239],"cognitive":[59],"needs":[61],"listen":[63],"detect":[65],"primary":[66],"users":[67],"frequently.":[68],"This":[69,155],"paper":[70,248],"studies":[71],"capacity":[73],"point-to-point":[75],"scalar":[76],"discrete-time":[77],"Gaussian":[78,148],"channels":[79],"constraint":[85,98,175],"as":[86,88,106,215],"well":[87],"an":[89],"average":[90],"constraint.":[93],"An":[94],"idealized":[95],"first":[100],"studied,":[101,178],"which":[102],"be":[104,225,241],"regarded":[105],"requirement":[108],"on":[109],"minimum":[111],"nontransmissions":[114,163,188],"or":[115],"zero":[116],"symbols":[117],"each":[119],"codeword.":[120],"Independent":[121],"input":[122,198,220,231],"with":[123],"unique":[125],"discrete":[126,238],"distribution":[127,221,235],"shown":[129,223],"achieve":[131,143],"channel":[133],"capacity.":[134],"situations,":[137],"numerically":[138],"optimized":[139],"on-off":[140],"signaling":[141,149],"much":[144],"higher":[145],"rate":[146,214],"than":[147],"deterministic":[152],"transmission":[153],"schedule.":[154],"part":[158],"because":[159],"positions":[161],"codeword":[166],"convey":[168],"information.":[169],"A":[170,208],"more":[171],"realistic":[172],"also":[177,237],"where":[179],"extra":[181],"cost":[182],"transitions":[184],"between":[185],"transmissions":[186,264],"due":[189],"pulse":[191],"shaping":[192],"accounted":[194],"for.":[195],"The":[196,244],"capacity-achieving":[197],"correlated":[200],"time":[202],"hard":[205],"compute.":[207],"lower":[209],"bound":[210],"achievable":[213],"function":[217],"maximized":[226],"by":[227],"first-order":[229],"Markov":[230],"process,":[232],"whose":[233],"stationary":[234],"computed":[242],"efficiently.":[243],"results":[245],"this":[247],"suggest":[249],"that,":[250],"under":[251],"various":[252],"constraints,":[255],"departing":[256],"from":[257],"usual":[259],"paradigm":[260],"intermittent":[262],"packet":[263],"may":[265],"yield":[266],"substantial":[267],"gain.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}