{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159466585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","title":"Orthogonal space-time block codes with sphere packing","display_name":"Orthogonal space-time block codes with sphere packing","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159466585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","mag":"2159466585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068643057","display_name":"Weifeng Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053502008","display_name":"Zoltan Safar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoltan Safar","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Research and Development Center, Samsung Electro Mechanics America, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Research and Development Center, Samsung Electro Mechanics America, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074161398","display_name":"K.J. Ray Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.J. Ray Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12996034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"1627","last_page":"1639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.8174485564231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sphere-packing","display_name":"Sphere packing","score":0.6484618186950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5276528596878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4890959858894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-block-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","score":0.4773183763027191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4224250614643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4036765992641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3993009924888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39719608426094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.27856123447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.1354304850101471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13214224576950073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.8174485564231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183893376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900117","display_name":"Sphere packing","level":2,"score":0.6484618186950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5276528596878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4890959858894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83487572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371792","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","level":4,"score":0.4773183763027191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4224250614643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4036765992641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3993009924888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39719608426094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.27856123447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.1354304850101471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13214224576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2013027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.419.9482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.9482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sig.umd.edu/publications/Su_TIT_200904.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.496.2279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.2279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/~weifeng/orth_SP_Code.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W1501501183","https://openalex.org/W1572465883","https://openalex.org/W1902488625","https://openalex.org/W1970169230","https://openalex.org/W1989540609","https://openalex.org/W1994406803","https://openalex.org/W1995990042","https://openalex.org/W2011396057","https://openalex.org/W2098076345","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2110238624","https://openalex.org/W2110659753","https://openalex.org/W2110962034","https://openalex.org/W2117507580","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2119239426","https://openalex.org/W2121657437","https://openalex.org/W2122498678","https://openalex.org/W2144042251","https://openalex.org/W2145282297","https://openalex.org/W2148018445","https://openalex.org/W2150310322","https://openalex.org/W2151380152","https://openalex.org/W2156336894","https://openalex.org/W2158210223","https://openalex.org/W2161551338","https://openalex.org/W2170705819","https://openalex.org/W2172121953","https://openalex.org/W2610857016","https://openalex.org/W2624466233","https://openalex.org/W4250453948","https://openalex.org/W4292408570","https://openalex.org/W6634254446","https://openalex.org/W6677264427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100169124","https://openalex.org/W2160133013","https://openalex.org/W2363263113","https://openalex.org/W1556745361","https://openalex.org/W2085933817","https://openalex.org/W2117070194","https://openalex.org/W2102400249","https://openalex.org/W2370730162","https://openalex.org/W2054827663","https://openalex.org/W2159823397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthogonal":[0],"designs":[1,41,57,80],"have":[2],"received":[3],"considerable":[4],"attention":[5],"in":[6,135],"the":[7,55,71,84,91,95,98,133,136,139,142],"development":[8],"of":[9,33,49,54,107,141],"efficient":[10],"modulation":[11],"and":[12,64,97,117,121],"coding":[13,72],"methods":[14],"for":[15,45,104,115],"future":[16],"multi-antenna":[17],"wireless":[18],"communication":[19],"systems":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,60,69],"their":[23],"special":[24],"properties.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,105],"class":[32,106],"space-time":[34],"block":[35,75,143],"codes":[36,144],"constructed":[37],"by":[38,89,130],"combining":[39],"orthogonal":[40,56,137],"with":[42],"sphere":[43,65,92,108],"packing":[44,66,93],"an":[46],"arbitrary":[47],"number":[48],"transmit":[50,119],"antennas.":[51],"The":[52,125],"structure":[53],"is":[58,67,81,87,102],"exploited":[59],"guarantee":[61],"full":[62],"diversity,":[63],"used":[68],"improve":[70],"advantage.":[73],"Space-time":[74],"code":[76],"construction":[77],"from":[78],"block-orthogonal":[79],"also":[82],"considered:":[83],"full-diversity":[85],"property":[86],"ensured":[88],"rotating":[90],"underlying":[94],"code,":[96],"optimal":[99],"rotation":[100],"angle":[101],"determined":[103],"packing.":[109],"Code":[110],"design":[111],"examples":[112],"are":[113],"provided":[114],"two":[116],"four":[118],"antennas":[120],"various":[122],"transmission":[123],"rates.":[124],"simulation":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"that":[129],"jointly":[131],"designing":[132],"symbols":[134],"designs,":[138],"performance":[140],"can":[145],"be":[146],"significantly":[147],"increased.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}