{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045403874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","title":"Orthogonal Codes for Robust Low-Cost Communication","display_name":"Orthogonal Codes for Robust Low-Cost Communication","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045403874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","mag":"2045403874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360030","display_name":"Wenyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-0749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Qualcomm Research Center, Qualcomm, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Research Center, Qualcomm, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072739163","display_name":"Urbashi Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-1177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urbashi Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100360030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72473452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"12","first_page":"5411","last_page":"5426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.771148145198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimax","display_name":"Minimax","score":0.7616212368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7026336789131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6202678680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-code","display_name":"Channel code","score":0.5302783250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4889344274997711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.48095813393592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.4477192163467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4379580020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3634769916534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3622795045375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.34654152393341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.239679217338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1258721947669983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.771148145198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149728462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751319","display_name":"Minimax","level":2,"score":0.7616212368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7026336789131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6202678680419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166366890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602136","display_name":"Channel code","level":3,"score":0.5302783250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4889344274997711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.48095813393592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.4477192163467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4379580020904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3634769916534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3622795045375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.34654152393341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.239679217338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1258721947669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.2008.2006463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.342.3162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.342.3162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0702108v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.342.4390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.342.4390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0702108v2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.342.6404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.342.6404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0702108v3.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313091","display_name":"California Public Utilities Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/0474bqk45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45336737","https://openalex.org/W1549664537","https://openalex.org/W1575147392","https://openalex.org/W1968399052","https://openalex.org/W1985077192","https://openalex.org/W1995468345","https://openalex.org/W1997176148","https://openalex.org/W2017639110","https://openalex.org/W2049898120","https://openalex.org/W2059120410","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2072673208","https://openalex.org/W2077242588","https://openalex.org/W2090209167","https://openalex.org/W2098929938","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2108033855","https://openalex.org/W2116485279","https://openalex.org/W2117040115","https://openalex.org/W2120302973","https://openalex.org/W2126813496","https://openalex.org/W2130128605","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2136906773","https://openalex.org/W2138129780","https://openalex.org/W2141927780","https://openalex.org/W2144094762","https://openalex.org/W2147210834","https://openalex.org/W2149502015","https://openalex.org/W2153348887","https://openalex.org/W2162028181","https://openalex.org/W2174534725","https://openalex.org/W2581615023","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W3190451510","https://openalex.org/W4231270807","https://openalex.org/W4245808720","https://openalex.org/W4301258660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W50969306","https://openalex.org/W2390585021","https://openalex.org/W412641959","https://openalex.org/W2044004505","https://openalex.org/W4211227406","https://openalex.org/W3002934918","https://openalex.org/W2011403573","https://openalex.org/W2952645742","https://openalex.org/W2074455557","https://openalex.org/W2044986946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthogonal":[0],"coding":[1,107],"schemes,":[2],"known":[3],"to":[4,43],"asymptotically":[5],"achieve":[6],"the":[7,70,85,101,105,112,121,128],"capacity":[8],"per":[9,52],"unit":[10,53],"cost":[11,54],"(CPUC)":[12],"for":[13,25],"single-user":[14,26],"ergodic":[15],"memoryless":[16,28],"channels":[17],"with":[18,111],"a":[19,47,78,136],"zero-cost":[20],"input":[21,152],"symbol,":[22],"are":[23],"investigated":[24],"compound":[27],"channels,":[29],"which":[30,141],"exhibit":[31],"uncertainties":[32],"in":[33,140],"their":[34],"input-output":[35],"statistical":[36],"relationships.":[37],"A":[38],"minimax":[39,93],"formulation":[40],"is":[41,56,61,82,125],"adopted":[42],"attain":[44],"robustness.":[45,94],"First,":[46],"class":[48,86],"of":[49,73,87,92,104,149],"achievable":[50],"rates":[51],"(ARPUC)":[55],"derived,":[57],"and":[58,109],"its":[59],"utility":[60],"demonstrated":[62],"through":[63,89,134],"several":[64],"representative":[65],"case":[66],"studies.":[67],"Second,":[68],"when":[69],"uncertainty":[71],"set":[72],"channel":[74],"transition":[75],"statistics":[76],"satisfies":[77],"convexity":[79,122],"property,":[80,123],"optimization":[81],"performed":[83],"over":[84],"ARPUC":[88],"utilizing":[90,135],"results":[91],"The":[95],"resulting":[96],"CPUC":[97,113,129],"lower":[98],"bound":[99],"indicates":[100],"ultimate":[102],"performance":[103],"orthogonal":[106,143],"scheme,":[108],"coincides":[110],"under":[114,120],"certain":[115],"restrictive":[116],"conditions.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"still":[119],"it":[124],"shown":[126],"that":[127],"can":[130],"generally":[131],"be":[132],"achieved,":[133],"so-called":[137],"mixed":[138],"strategy":[139],"an":[142,146],"code":[144],"contains":[145],"appropriate":[147],"composition":[148],"different":[150],"nonzero-cost":[151],"symbols.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
