{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025934813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","title":"Estimating the frequency of a noisy sinusoid by linear regression (Corresp.)","display_name":"Estimating the frequency of a noisy sinusoid by linear regression (Corresp.)","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025934813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","mag":"2025934813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017212512","display_name":"Steven A. Tretter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Tretter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","University of Maryland  College Park MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland  College Park MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017212512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":444,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76487843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"832","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7262771725654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6828509569168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6791738867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.6039600968360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.5088915824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.498704195022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43688854575157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4308871328830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3690565824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.27436715364456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21770241856575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.11549210548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11024332046508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08856695890426636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7262771725654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6828509569168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6791738867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6039600968360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.5088915824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.498704195022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43688854575157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4308871328830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3690565824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27436715364456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21770241856575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.11549210548400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11024332046508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08856695890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1985.1057115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1515682093","https://openalex.org/W1552901685","https://openalex.org/W1749408371","https://openalex.org/W2001188690","https://openalex.org/W2001729062","https://openalex.org/W2007641452","https://openalex.org/W2076764958","https://openalex.org/W2089957712","https://openalex.org/W2108794019","https://openalex.org/W2117453234","https://openalex.org/W2131657121","https://openalex.org/W6669925298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097897855","https://openalex.org/W2131193330","https://openalex.org/W2620676623","https://openalex.org/W1505099478","https://openalex.org/W2104729299","https://openalex.org/W2012160537","https://openalex.org/W2091082753","https://openalex.org/W2572612117","https://openalex.org/W2229192656","https://openalex.org/W2157852352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45],"estimation":[1,37],"of":[2,5,10,47,63,72],"the":[3,23,42,48,55,61,64,73,81],"parameters":[4],"a":[6],"sinusoid":[7],"from":[8],"observations":[9],"signal":[11,43],"samples":[12],"corrupted":[13],"by":[14,38],"additive":[15,24],"noise":[16,25,74,88],"is":[17,26,68,89],"investigated.":[18],"At":[19],"high":[20],"signal-to-noise":[21],"ratios":[22],"viewed":[27],"as":[28],"an":[29],"equivalent":[30],"phase":[31,36,87],"noise,":[32],"suggesting":[33],"frequency":[34,66],"and":[35],"linear":[39],"regression":[40,49,65],"on":[41],"phase.":[44],"variances":[46],"estimates":[50],"are":[51],"shown":[52],"to":[53],"achieve":[54],"Cramer-Rao":[56],"bounds.":[57],"A":[58,77],"formula":[59,79],"for":[60,80],"variance":[62,82],"estimator":[67],"derived":[69],"in":[70],"terms":[71],"power":[75],"spectrum.":[76],"simple":[78],"with":[83],"<tex":[84],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[85],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1/f^{2}</tex>":[86],"presented.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}