{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122234697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","title":"Formulas which approximate the distribution of a sinusoid plus noise (Corresp.)","display_name":"Formulas which approximate the distribution of a sinusoid plus noise (Corresp.)","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122234697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","mag":"2122234697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079058232","display_name":"Roger Webster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151552","display_name":"Communications Research Centre Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05dybt340","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Webster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Devices Company Limited, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","[Computing Devices Company Limited, Ottawa, ONT, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Devices Company Limited, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computing Devices Company Limited, Ottawa, ONT, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079058232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78259299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"765","last_page":"767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.7741796374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cauchy-distribution","display_name":"Cauchy distribution","score":0.7003321051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6620976328849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6383605003356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.6288090348243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5994287729263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinusoid","display_name":"Sinusoid","score":0.5357415080070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-noise","display_name":"Value noise","score":0.47642549872398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-noise","display_name":"Gradient noise","score":0.46552202105522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.44066929817199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4323503375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4124363362789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.38631319999694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3715026378631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34476953744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.3292464017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2176826298236847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15073737502098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-floor","display_name":"Noise floor","score":0.14253151416778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.12966188788414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12238433957099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.10953459143638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0692434012889862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.7741796374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49344536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726441","display_name":"Cauchy distribution","level":2,"score":0.7003321051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6620976328849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6383605003356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.6288090348243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5994287729263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776417487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103142","display_name":"Sinusoid","level":2,"score":0.5357415080070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182163834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2926529","display_name":"Value noise","level":5,"score":0.47642549872398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200378446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147391","display_name":"Gradient noise","level":5,"score":0.46552202105522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44066929817199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4323503375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4124363362789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.38631319999694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3715026378631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34476953744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.3292464017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2176826298236847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15073737502098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.14253151416778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.12966188788414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12238433957099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.10953459143638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0692434012889862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209589608","https://openalex.org/W1981650427","https://openalex.org/W2005581903","https://openalex.org/W2037591033","https://openalex.org/W2092740084","https://openalex.org/W2102031919","https://openalex.org/W2105971164","https://openalex.org/W2108270752","https://openalex.org/W2120062331","https://openalex.org/W2171735384","https://openalex.org/W4292095448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125397569","https://openalex.org/W4226451553","https://openalex.org/W2588855097","https://openalex.org/W2161471497","https://openalex.org/W2032021057","https://openalex.org/W2170781407","https://openalex.org/W2005333371","https://openalex.org/W2057119739","https://openalex.org/W3033631740","https://openalex.org/W2144739192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"exact":[1],"probability":[2],"density":[3],"function":[4,8],"and":[5,56],"cumulative":[6],"distribution":[7,36,47],"of":[9,44],"a":[10],"sinusoid":[11],"plus":[12],"noise":[13,35,46,58],"cannot":[14],"in":[15,19,42],"general":[16],"be":[17],"expressed":[18,40],"closed":[20],"form.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"correspondence":[24],"an":[25],"approximation":[26],"formula":[27],"is":[28,31,39,51],"derived":[29],"that":[30],"applicable":[32],"to":[33],"any":[34],"since":[37],"it":[38],"solely":[41],"terms":[43],"the":[45,54],"itself.":[48],"Its":[49],"accuracy":[50],"checked":[52],"against":[53],"Gaussian":[55],"Cauchy":[57],"models.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}