{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158797182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","title":"Error probabilities for simple substitution ciphers","display_name":"Error probabilities for simple substitution ciphers","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158797182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","mag":"2158797182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031727612","display_name":"Andrea Sgarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-1466"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Sgarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Matematica and Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Universita di Trieste, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Matematica and Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica, Universita di Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031727612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85388409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"190","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.7552326321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6745202541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decipher","display_name":"DECIPHER","score":0.6724598407745361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6338297724723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5470940470695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5314684510231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.47646021842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4538908004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.45154401659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37711048126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18086722493171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1722985804080963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.7552326321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6745202541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164614171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204775","display_name":"DECIPHER","level":2,"score":0.6724598407745361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6338297724723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5470940470695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5314684510231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.47646021842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4538908004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.45154401659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37711048126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18086722493171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1722985804080963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/1700579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11368/1700579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400480","display_name":"ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","host_organization_name":"University of Trieste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549664537","https://openalex.org/W1971206317","https://openalex.org/W2044462779","https://openalex.org/W2048208712","https://openalex.org/W2081047977","https://openalex.org/W2104191337","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2113348989","https://openalex.org/W2127308689","https://openalex.org/W2160709761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115350162","https://openalex.org/W2368824897","https://openalex.org/W1508050556","https://openalex.org/W1910862367","https://openalex.org/W2379365082","https://openalex.org/W2370747590","https://openalex.org/W2030109976","https://openalex.org/W2369260257","https://openalex.org/W2389120450","https://openalex.org/W55249799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unlike":[0],"recent":[1],"works":[2],"by":[3,44,54],"Blom":[4,89],"and":[5],"Dunham":[6],"on":[7],"simple":[8],"substitution":[9],"ciphers,":[10],"papers,":[11],"we":[12],"do":[13],"not":[14],"consider":[15],"equivocations":[16],"(conditional":[17],"entropies":[18],"given":[19],"the":[20,24,27,37,42,55,81],"cryptogram)":[21],"but":[22],"rather":[23],"probability":[25],"that":[26],"enemy":[28],"makes":[29],"an":[30],"error":[31,68],"when":[32],"he":[33],"tries":[34],"to":[35,40,58,72],"decipher":[36],"cryptogram":[38],"or":[39,90],"identify":[41],"key":[43],"means":[45],"of":[46],"optimal":[47,73],"identification":[48],"procedures.":[49,75],"This":[50],"approach":[51,57],"is":[52],"suggested":[53],"usual":[56],"coding":[59],"problems":[60],"taken":[61],"in":[62,88],"Shannon":[63],"theory,":[64],"where":[65],"one":[66],"evaluates":[67],"probabilities":[69],"with":[70],"respect":[71],"encoding-decoding":[74],"The":[76],"main":[77],"results":[78],"are":[79,85],"asymptotic;":[80],"same":[82],"relevant":[83],"parameters":[84],"obtained":[86],"as":[87],"Dunham.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}