{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042118878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","title":"Comparative performance of quantum signals in unimodal and bimodal binary optical communications","display_name":"Comparative performance of quantum signals in unimodal and bimodal binary optical communications","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042118878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","mag":"2042118878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020501623","display_name":"Carl W. Helstrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Helstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020501623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79628361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipodal-point","display_name":"Antipodal point","score":0.95150226354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5769370198249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5672826170921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.45295509696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4411752223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.4178754687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.39239025115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38633355498313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3729924261569977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.3397711515426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.30748921632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18478873372077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.12491351366043091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70943382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505356","display_name":"Antipodal point","level":2,"score":0.95150226354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5769370198249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5672826170921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.45295509696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4411752223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4178754687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.39239025115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38633355498313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3729924261569977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3397711515426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.30748921632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18478873372077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12491351366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1983.1056623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981057798","https://openalex.org/W1987241993","https://openalex.org/W1991975669","https://openalex.org/W1994327154","https://openalex.org/W2017953364","https://openalex.org/W2033364080","https://openalex.org/W2035068779","https://openalex.org/W2038851046","https://openalex.org/W2041731583","https://openalex.org/W2056091827","https://openalex.org/W2080840640","https://openalex.org/W2092364765","https://openalex.org/W2095340062","https://openalex.org/W2101531402","https://openalex.org/W2138454430","https://openalex.org/W2151276781","https://openalex.org/W2228259595","https://openalex.org/W2236352299","https://openalex.org/W2313278888","https://openalex.org/W4206028667","https://openalex.org/W4213062135","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099164702","https://openalex.org/W2056138576","https://openalex.org/W2461874320","https://openalex.org/W1977821353","https://openalex.org/W2064832889","https://openalex.org/W4224105394","https://openalex.org/W1808677817","https://openalex.org/W2088529669","https://openalex.org/W2030528692","https://openalex.org/W4292833745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,21,28,37,80,94,107],"two-photon":[3],"coherent-state":[4],"(TCS)":[5],"signals":[6,9,24,51],"and":[7,12,48],"integral-quantum":[8],"in":[10,53],"unimodal":[11,35,68],"bimodal":[13],"free-space":[14],"optical":[15],"communications":[16],"is":[17,56,75,87],"compared":[18],"with":[19],"that":[20],"ordinary":[22,100],",coherent":[23],"under":[25],"the":[26,34,40,63,72,83,92,95,105,108],"constraint":[27],"fixed":[29],"average":[30],"error":[31,43],"probability.":[32],"For":[33,67,78],"channel":[36,109],"known":[38],"phase":[39,82],"minimum":[41],"attainable":[42],"probability":[44],"for":[45],"both":[46],"on-off":[47],"antipodal":[49,69],"TCS":[50,70],"received":[52],"thermal":[54],"noise":[55],"calculated":[57],"by":[58],"applying":[59],"perturbation":[60],"theory":[61],"to":[62,111],"detection":[64],"operator":[65],"equation.":[66],"signaling":[71],"threshold":[73],"receiver":[74,86],"also":[76],"considered.":[77],"channels":[79],"random":[81],"optimum":[84],"photon-counting":[85],"analyzed.":[88],"In":[89],"all":[90],"cases":[91],"advantage":[93],"nonclassical":[96],"signal":[97,102],"over":[98],"an":[99],"coherent":[101],"vanishes":[103],"as":[104],"transmittance":[106],"goes":[110],"zero.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}