{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080840640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","title":"Nonclassical states in optical communication to a remote receiver (Corresp.)","display_name":"Nonclassical states in optical communication to a remote receiver (Corresp.)","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080840640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","mag":"2080840640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020501623","display_name":"Carl W. Helstrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Helstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020501623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.27806607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89467517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"378","last_page":"382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6770633459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5903406143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5430658459663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5336549878120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4912871718406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4273134171962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42705321311950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.423663854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42234736680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3432776927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32105326652526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.3196974992752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29120463132858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1444697380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.12282297015190125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6770633459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5903406143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5430658459663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5336549878120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4912871718406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4273134171962738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42705321311950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.423663854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42234736680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3432776927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32105326652526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3196974992752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29120463132858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1444697380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.12282297015190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1980.1056176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48144261","https://openalex.org/W1965632830","https://openalex.org/W1981057798","https://openalex.org/W1987241993","https://openalex.org/W1994327154","https://openalex.org/W2033364080","https://openalex.org/W2035068779","https://openalex.org/W2041731583","https://openalex.org/W2056091827","https://openalex.org/W2138454430","https://openalex.org/W2151276781","https://openalex.org/W2170649178","https://openalex.org/W2228259595","https://openalex.org/W2236352299","https://openalex.org/W3165898261","https://openalex.org/W4206028667","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2982399888","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2359134391","https://openalex.org/W2594116857","https://openalex.org/W2947628004","https://openalex.org/W2935229758","https://openalex.org/W2352791832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79],"relation":[1],"between":[2],"the":[3,7,33,48,51],"density":[4],"operators":[5],"of":[6,10,24,47],"aperture":[8,56],"fields":[9],"a":[11,16,44,59,72],"single-mode":[12,17],"optical":[13],"transmitter":[14],"and":[15],"receiver":[18,34],"is":[19,35],"simply":[20],"expressed":[21],"in":[22,54],"terms":[23],"their":[25],"quasiprobability":[26],"distributions.":[27],"This":[28],"formulation":[29],"indicates":[30],"that":[31,39],"when":[32],"so":[36],"far":[37],"away":[38],"it":[40,68],"picks":[41],"up":[42],"only":[43,64],"small":[45],"fraction":[46],"transmitted":[49,61,77],"energy,":[50],"state":[52,62,76],"induced":[53],"its":[55],"field":[57],"by":[58],"nonclassical":[60],"differs":[63],"slightly":[65],"from":[66],"what":[67],"would":[69],"be":[70],"were":[71],"certain":[73],"equivalent":[74],"classical":[75],"instead.":[78],"implications":[80],"for":[81],"remote":[82],"communications":[83],"are":[84],"discussed.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}