{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100904177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","title":"Single-Threshold Detection of a Random Signal in Noise with Multiple Independent Observations,Part 2:Continuous Case","display_name":"Single-Threshold Detection of a Random Signal in Noise with Multiple Independent Observations,Part 2:Continuous Case","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100904177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","mag":"2100904177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038830874","display_name":"Paul R. Prucnal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Prucnal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058287918","display_name":"Malvin C. Teich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Teich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96034298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"213","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11716","display_name":"Random Matrices and Applications","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-and-identically-distributed-random-variables","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","score":0.6614683866500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6495708227157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.5877374410629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5679543614387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5256862640380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-transfer-function","display_name":"Signal transfer function","score":0.5238808989524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-resonance","display_name":"Stochastic resonance","score":0.5140699148178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5137392282485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.506308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.44934001564979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.44106799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.43377041816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.429252028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.42905670404434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.38412806391716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32239285111427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.31607335805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30046406388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.20004165172576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.14344879984855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1366172730922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12863636016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07462874054908752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141513077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378542","display_name":"Independent and identically distributed random variables","level":3,"score":0.6614683866500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6495708227157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.5877374410629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5679543614387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5256862640380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131021393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512759","display_name":"Signal transfer function","level":4,"score":0.5238808989524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207658827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999781","display_name":"Stochastic resonance","level":4,"score":0.5140699148178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5137392282485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.506308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.44934001564979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.44106799364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.43377041816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.429252028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.42905670404434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.38412806391716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32239285111427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.31607335805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30046406388282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.20004165172576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.14344879984855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1366172730922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12863636016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07462874054908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1979.1056020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643008456","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1507360076","https://openalex.org/W2044219616","https://openalex.org/W2074368834","https://openalex.org/W2144110316","https://openalex.org/W2153396141","https://openalex.org/W2334647599","https://openalex.org/W2751862591","https://openalex.org/W3016120873","https://openalex.org/W3126588943","https://openalex.org/W3144183905","https://openalex.org/W4301441647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018889859","https://openalex.org/W1974988056","https://openalex.org/W3209348608","https://openalex.org/W2046858723","https://openalex.org/W2434241360","https://openalex.org/W2279546664","https://openalex.org/W2804467536","https://openalex.org/W2052144963","https://openalex.org/W3032653044","https://openalex.org/W2385272840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,109],"single-threshold":[1],"detector":[2,82],"is":[3,61,64,90,124,129],"derived":[4],"for":[5],"a":[6,19,42,67,76,84,126],"wide":[7],"class":[8,25],"of":[9,18,26,32,41,56,69,72,93,97,121],"classical":[10],"binary":[11],"decision":[12],"problems":[13,27],"involving":[14],"the":[15,30,54,57,70,73,88,94,113,119,122],"likelihood-ratio":[16],"detection":[17],"signal":[20,46,58],"embedded":[21,47],"in":[22,48],"noise.":[23],"The":[24],"considered":[28],"encompasses":[29],"case":[31],"multiple":[33],"independent":[34,51,92],"(but":[35],"not":[36],"necessarily":[37],"identically":[38],"distributed)":[39],"observations":[40,74,123],"nonnegative":[43],"(or":[44],"nonpositive)":[45],"additive":[49],"and":[50,59,102],"noise,":[52],"where":[53],"range":[55],"noise":[60,89,98],"continuous.":[62],"It":[63],"shown":[65],"that":[66,100,103,118],"comparison":[68],"sum":[71,120],"with":[75],"unique":[77],"threshold":[78],"comprises":[79],"an":[80],"optimum":[81],"if":[83],"weak":[85],"condition":[86,106,111],"on":[87,112],"satisfied":[91],"signal.":[95],"Examples":[96],"densities":[99],"satisfy":[101],"violate":[104],"this":[105],"are":[107],"presented.":[108],"sufficient":[110,127],"likelihood":[114],"ratio":[115],"which":[116],"implies":[117],"also":[125],"statistic":[128],"considered.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}