{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134587001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","title":"Design of a linguistic statistical decoder for the recognition of continuous speech","display_name":"Design of a linguistic statistical decoder for the recognition of continuous speech","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134587001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","mag":"2134587001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109975749","display_name":"F. Jelinek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Jelinek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112811561","display_name":"L.R. Bahl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Bahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110032567","display_name":"R. L. Mercer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mercer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109975749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":268,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98909915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"250","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7662569284439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7174366116523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6112709045410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5984804034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5891146659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5321136116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5274845957756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5213057398796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.48458755016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4676593840122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.45027676224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4261816740036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33928248286247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17055630683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14089030027389526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7662569284439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7174366116523743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6112709045410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5984804034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5891146659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5321136116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5274845957756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5213057398796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.48458755016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4676593840122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45027676224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4261816740036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33928248286247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17055630683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14089030027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1975.1055384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129266244","https://openalex.org/W1562979145","https://openalex.org/W1970312444","https://openalex.org/W1986920656","https://openalex.org/W2035227369","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2074460300","https://openalex.org/W2086699924","https://openalex.org/W2091742696","https://openalex.org/W2157477135","https://openalex.org/W2169944289","https://openalex.org/W4229781645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W2375873920","https://openalex.org/W1974101135","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W2017509870","https://openalex.org/W2146114872","https://openalex.org/W4360952157","https://openalex.org/W2392060890","https://openalex.org/W2044769131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"current":[1],"attempts":[2],"at":[3],"automatic":[4],"speech":[5],"recognition":[6,40],"are":[7,139],"formulated":[8],"in":[9],"an":[10,22,57],"artificial":[11],"intelligence":[12],"framework.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"paper":[16],"we":[17],"approach":[18],"the":[19,29,39,47,65,68,85,98,107,113,117,130,136],"problem":[20],"from":[21],"information-theoretic":[23],"point":[24],"of":[25,32,41,52,76,84,116,127,129],"view.":[26],"We":[27],"describe":[28],"overall":[30],"structure":[31],"a":[33,50,81,90,101,120],"linguistic":[34],"statistical":[35,82,94],"decoder":[36,48,66,74],"(LSD)":[37],"for":[38],"continuous":[42],"speech.":[43],"The":[44,73,125],"input":[45,71],"to":[46],"is":[49],"string":[51],"phonetic":[53,63,102,110],"symbols":[54],"estimated":[55],"by":[56],"acoustic":[58],"processor":[59],"(AP).":[60],"For":[61],"each":[62,128],"string,":[64],"finds":[67],"most":[69],"likely":[70],"sentence.":[72],"consists":[75],"four":[77],"major":[78],"subparts:":[79],"1)":[80],"model":[83],"language":[86],"being":[87],"recognized;":[88],"2)":[89],"phonemic":[91],"dictionary":[92],"and":[93,132],"phonological":[95],"rules":[96],"characterizing":[97],"speaker;":[99],"3)":[100],"matching":[103],"algorithm":[104],"that":[105],"computes":[106],"similarity":[108],"between":[109],"strings,":[111],"using":[112],"performance":[114],"characteristics":[115],"AP;":[118],"4)":[119],"word":[121],"level":[122],"search":[123],"control.":[124],"details":[126],"subparts":[131],"their":[133],"interaction":[134],"during":[135],"decoding":[137],"process":[138],"discussed.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}