{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138694094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","title":"A stochastic approximation method for waveform cluster center generation","display_name":"A stochastic approximation method for waveform cluster center generation","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138694094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","mag":"2138694094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023692673","display_name":"William James Steingrandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Steingrandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","IBM, Corporation, Rochester, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Corporation, Rochester, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067217334","display_name":"Stephen S. Yau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-5565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5478,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71639042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"262","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8511287569999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.7094193696975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6513156890869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6333812475204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6043229699134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5122260451316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.438156396150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.42120933532714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-approximation","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","score":0.4152943193912506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40410712361335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3032209873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1108466386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07500866055488586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8511287569999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.7094193696975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6513156890869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6333812475204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6043229699134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5122260451316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.438156396150589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.42120933532714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55479107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97663916","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","level":3,"score":0.4152943193912506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40410712361335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3032209873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1108466386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07500866055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1972.1054790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W274471299","https://openalex.org/W1483166444","https://openalex.org/W1978561325","https://openalex.org/W1979761486","https://openalex.org/W2073954919","https://openalex.org/W2093642779","https://openalex.org/W2156444841","https://openalex.org/W2313924934","https://openalex.org/W2501805540","https://openalex.org/W2798251865","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301423176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W2134007003","https://openalex.org/W2019875157","https://openalex.org/W4310831616","https://openalex.org/W1489978714","https://openalex.org/W2951888513","https://openalex.org/W4301954754","https://openalex.org/W2782292024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,10],"method":[1],"is":[2,12,36,65,78,88,100,116,131],"presented":[3],"that":[4,14],"detects":[5],"behavioral":[6],"transients":[7,29],"in":[8,31,121],"waveforms.":[9],"structure":[11,35,125],"defined":[13],"accepts":[15,50],"waveforms":[16,55],"as":[17],"inputs":[18],"and":[19,83],"generates":[20],"a":[21,51,96,106,110,119],"sequence":[22,27,52],"of":[23,28,53,105],"symbols":[24],"representing":[25],"the":[26,32,45,62,103,128,134],"present":[30],"waveform.":[33],"This":[34,76,99],"developed":[37],"by":[38,102],"generalizing":[39],"an":[40,72],"unsupervised":[41],"learning":[42,129],"algorithm":[43,49,87,115,130],"to":[44,56,67,71,80,90,109,118,133],"time-varying":[46],"case.":[47],"The":[48,86,113,124],"unlabeled":[54],"find":[57],"cluster":[58],"centers":[59],"associated":[60],"with":[61,69],"transients.":[63],"Clustering":[64],"assumed":[66,79],"be":[68],"respect":[70],"arbitrary":[73],"distance":[74],"measure.":[75],"measure":[77],"satisfy":[81],"differentiability":[82],"regularity":[84],"requirements.":[85],"shown":[89],"converge":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"assumptions":[94],"concerning":[95],"unique":[97],"optimum.":[98],"done":[101],"application":[104],"stochastic-approximation":[107],"theorem":[108],"gradient-following":[111],"technique.":[112],"resulting":[114,126],"applied":[117],"problem":[120],"speech":[122],"processing.":[123],"from":[127],"compared":[132],"standard":[135],"linguistic":[136],"phonetic":[137],"structure.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
