{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101515861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","title":"Generation-recombination noise in solids","display_name":"Generation-recombination noise in solids","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101515861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","mag":"2101515861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054036798","display_name":"J. Salz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Salz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054036798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78492421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"644","last_page":"648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11177","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.549812912940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3925917446613312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.379849374294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3051062226295471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.549812912940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3925917446613312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.379849374294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3051062226295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983617554","https://openalex.org/W2015314874","https://openalex.org/W2036465358","https://openalex.org/W2047759905","https://openalex.org/W2085674417","https://openalex.org/W2114509411","https://openalex.org/W2114867828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,20,251],"paper":[1],"is":[2,15,22,150,222],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,70,193],"some":[5],"of":[6,10,34,49,77,87,102,121,128,148,162,166,186,215,227,244,258],"the":[7,29,78,85,100,103,118,122,125,145,160,163,180,204,209,212,216,228,232,248,254],"mathematical":[8],"aspects":[9],"noise":[11,21,119],"in":[12,89,208,247],"solids.":[13],"Attention":[14],"given":[16],"to":[17,24,152,159,223],"generation-recombination":[18],"noise.":[19],"due":[23],"current":[25],"fluctuations":[26],"arising":[27],"from":[28,239],"generation,":[30],"recombination,":[31],"or":[32],"trapping":[33],"carriers.":[35],"We":[36],"treat":[37],"only":[38],"homogeneous":[39],"systems,":[40],"and":[41,136,176,183,211],"therefore,":[42],"our":[43,53,198],"descriptive":[44],"random":[45,234],"processes":[46,127],"are":[47,132,201,218],"independent":[48],"spatial":[50],"coordinates.":[51],"In":[52],"model,":[54],"we":[55,156,178,241],"associate":[56],"a":[57],"counting":[58,105],"process":[59,106,235],"<tex":[60,74,81,90,95,107,129,137,167,187,236],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[61,75,82,91,96,108,130,138,168,188,237],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\upsilon_{j}(t),":[62],"j":[63],"=":[64,110],"1,":[65],"2,":[66],"\\cdots":[67,113],",":[68,114,190],"N</tex>":[69],"each":[71],"energy":[72],"level":[73],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">E_{j}</tex>":[76,92],"material,":[79],"where":[80],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\upsilon_{j}(t)</tex>":[83],"represents":[84],"number":[86,147],"carriers":[88,149],"at":[93],"time":[94,225],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">t</tex>":[97],".":[98,170],"Thus":[99],"statistics":[101,165],"vector":[104,233],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\bar{V}(t)":[109],"(\\upsilon_{1}(t),":[111],"\\upsilon_{2}(t),":[112],"\\upsilon_{N}(t))</tex>":[115],"completely":[116],"determine":[117],"behavior":[120],"material.":[123],"Clearly":[124],"component":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\bar{V}(t)</tex>":[131,169,189,238],"not":[133,202],"statistically":[134],"independent,":[135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\\Sigma":[139],"\\upsilon_{j}</tex>":[140],"must":[141],"be":[142,153],"constrained":[143],"since":[144],"total":[146],"assumed":[151],"fixed.":[154],"Here":[155],"restrict":[157],"ourselves":[158],"study":[161],"second-order":[164],"Making":[171],"several":[172],"physically":[173],"reasonable":[174],"assumptions":[175,206],"approximations,":[177],"derive":[179],"mean,":[181],"covariance,":[182],"spectral":[184],"density":[185],"which":[191,240],"agree":[192],"previously":[194],"published":[195],"results.":[196],"While":[197],"basic":[199,213],"results":[200,255],"new,":[203],"underlying":[205],"made":[207],"derivations":[210],"formulation":[214],"problem":[217],"novel.":[219],"Our":[220],"approach":[221],"expand":[224],"derivatives":[226],"characteristic":[229],"function":[230],"for":[231],"extract":[242],"systems":[243],"differential":[245],"equations":[246],"desired":[249],"statistics.":[250],"method":[252],"exhibits":[253],"as":[256],"solutions":[257],"linear":[259],"state":[260],"equations.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
