{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043644866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","title":"The intrinsic dimensionality of signal collections","display_name":"The intrinsic dimensionality of signal collections","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043644866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","mag":"2043644866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068836362","display_name":"Ronan Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlyle Barton Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlyle Barton Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068836362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92415403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"517","last_page":"525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9016000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersphere","display_name":"Hypersphere","score":0.9532719254493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.8938624262809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.6502265334129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5275682210922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5253638029098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-function","display_name":"Basis function","score":0.45390358567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4360452890396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40751874446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.361372709274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3566904067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.1721128523349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15394139289855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776562905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306610","display_name":"Hypersphere","level":2,"score":0.9532719254493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.8938624262809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6502265334129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5275682210922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5253638029098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.45390358567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4360452890396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40751874446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.361372709274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3566904067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.1721128523349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15394139289855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1969.1054365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967282267","https://openalex.org/W2000260381","https://openalex.org/W2033253727","https://openalex.org/W2061681393","https://openalex.org/W2169371330","https://openalex.org/W2795998755","https://openalex.org/W4256550993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043644866","https://openalex.org/W2006953814","https://openalex.org/W2542637001","https://openalex.org/W1516404906","https://openalex.org/W1972782945","https://openalex.org/W3212981098","https://openalex.org/W4221090543","https://openalex.org/W2130622405","https://openalex.org/W2109887391","https://openalex.org/W1748978355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"view":[1],"of":[2,8,39,42,53,56,66,76,148,177,190,193,200,204,211,225,227],"the":[3,6,40,46,64,85,89,95,98,113,117,122,134,166,175,178,183,191,201,205,212,223],"trend":[4],"toward":[5],"representation":[7],"signals":[9,57,206,226],"as":[10,23],"physical":[11],"observables":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14,218],"vectors":[15,47,96,118],"in":[16,35,70,84,121,157,168],"an":[17,138,162],"abstract":[18],"signal":[19,73,83,135],"space,":[20],"rather":[21],"than":[22],"time":[24],"or":[25],"frequency":[26],"functions,":[27],"it":[28,220],"is":[29,58,207,214],"desirable":[30],"that":[31],"dimensionality":[32,52,90,132,176,224],"be":[33,61,104,188],"defined":[34,59],"a":[36,54,71,78,92,105,153,172],"manner":[37],"independent":[38,189],"choice":[41,192],"basis":[43,114,140],"on":[44,112,137],"which":[45,116],"are":[48,119,185],"projected.":[49],"The":[50,144,209],"intrinsic":[51],"collection":[55],"to":[60,63,81,187,221],"equal":[62],"number":[65],"free":[67],"parameters":[68],"required":[69],"hypothetical":[72],"generator":[74],"capable":[75],"producing":[77],"close":[79],"approximation":[80],"each":[82],"collection.":[86],"Thus":[87],"defined,":[88],"becomes":[91],"relationship":[93,101,164],"between":[94,165],"representing":[97],"signals.":[99],"This":[100],"need":[102],"not":[103,110],"linear":[106],"one":[107],"and":[108,160,174,196,216],"does":[109],"depend":[111],"onto":[115],"projected":[120],"signal-measuring":[123],"process.":[124],"A":[125],"digital":[126],"computer":[127],"program":[128,145,213],"for":[129],"estimating":[130],"this":[131,181],"from":[133,152],"coefficients":[136],"arbitrary":[139],"has":[141],"been":[142],"developed.":[143],"makes":[146],"use":[147],"some":[149],"results":[150,184],"obtained":[151],"multi-dimensional":[154],"scaling":[155],"problem":[156],"experimental":[158],"psychology":[159],"utilizes":[161],"inverse":[163],"variance":[167],"interpoint":[169],"distances":[170],"within":[171],"hypersphere":[173],"hypersphere.":[179],"Using":[180],"method,":[182],"believed":[186],"orthogonal":[194],"basis,":[195],"no":[197],"prior":[198],"knowledge":[199],"analytical":[202],"form":[203],"assumed.":[208],"validity":[210],"tested":[215],"verified":[217],"using":[219],"estimate":[222],"known":[228],"structure.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
