{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135836178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","title":"Scattering function estimation","display_name":"Scattering function estimation","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135836178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","mag":"2135836178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067459683","display_name":"N. Gaarder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Gaarder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA","[Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawai, Honolulu, HI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067459683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91304348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"684","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6730349063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6289443969726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-variance-unbiased-estimator","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","score":0.5800744295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.49977827072143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.44382357597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias-of-an-estimator","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","score":0.4340803325176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4325731694698334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4273204207420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.39141276478767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36855241656303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34013426303863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21571096777915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08071368932723999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6730349063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6289443969726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.5800744295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.49977827072143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.44382357597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191393472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15222032","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","level":4,"score":0.4340803325176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4325731694698334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4273204207420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.39141276478767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36855241656303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34013426303863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21571096777915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08071368932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1968.1054194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:AD0818160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0818160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250177251","https://openalex.org/W1548759639","https://openalex.org/W2002422940","https://openalex.org/W2074487036","https://openalex.org/W2082476618","https://openalex.org/W2096647193","https://openalex.org/W2101381994","https://openalex.org/W2108365641","https://openalex.org/W2109851615","https://openalex.org/W2130917709","https://openalex.org/W2135836178","https://openalex.org/W2140972964","https://openalex.org/W2896322077","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349547417","https://openalex.org/W2356451205","https://openalex.org/W1513121561","https://openalex.org/W1990624027","https://openalex.org/W2563965625","https://openalex.org/W1967656023","https://openalex.org/W2008532365","https://openalex.org/W4242323026","https://openalex.org/W3089635587","https://openalex.org/W2141218268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,32,59,107,119,185],"estimation":[1],"of":[2,6,18,40,74,90,103,110,150,187,201],"the":[3,19,27,47,52,71,75,85,88,91,100,104,111,125,135,151,158,173,176,196,202],"scattering":[4,101,152],"function":[5,73,102,153],"a":[7,38,55,80,116],"random,":[8],"zero-mean,":[9],"homogeneous,":[10],"time-variant,":[11],"linear":[12,41,57,68,97],"filter":[13,21,178],"is":[14,26,35,62,94,113,143,179],"considered.":[15],"sum":[17],"random":[20,105,174,177],"output":[22,61,93,112],"and":[23,121,129,165,168],"independent":[24],"noise":[25],"input":[28,53,159],"to":[29,37,54,64,84,171,182],"an":[30,66,95,146,188],"estimator.":[31],"estimator":[33,60,76,92,136],"structure":[34],"equivalent":[36],"bank":[39],"filters":[42],"followed":[43],"by":[44,133,194],"squared-envelope":[45],"detectors;":[46],"envelope":[48],"detector":[49],"outputs":[50],"are":[51],"final":[56],"filter.":[58,106],"shown":[63,144],"be":[65,155,183,191],"unconstrained":[67,96],"operation":[69,98],"on":[70,99],"ambiguity":[72],"input.":[77],"Except":[78],"for":[79,115],"bias":[81],"term":[82],"due":[83],"additive":[86],"noise,":[87],"mean":[89,120],"integral":[108],"variance":[109,122,130,186],"found":[114],"Gaussian":[117],"channel.":[118],"clearly":[123],"indicate":[124],"tradeoff":[126],"between":[127],"resolution":[128],"reduction":[131],"obtained":[132,156],"varying":[134],"structure.":[137],"For":[138],"any":[139],"well-behaved":[140],"channel":[141],"it":[142],"that":[145],"effectively":[147],"unbiased":[148],"estimate":[149,189],"can":[154,190],"if":[157],"signal":[160],"has":[161],"both":[162],"sufficient":[163],"energy":[164],"enough":[166],"time":[167,197],"frequency":[169,199],"spread":[170,200],"resolve":[172],"filter;":[175],"not":[180],"required":[181],"underspread.":[184],"further":[192],"reduced":[193],"increasing":[195],"or":[198],"transmitted":[203],"signal.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}