{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161376274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","title":"Signal detection by complex spatial filtering","display_name":"Signal detection by complex spatial filtering","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161376274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","mag":"2161376274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006225939","display_name":"Aad van der Lugt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-2228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.V. Lugt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006225939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.5429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1597,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99707339,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"139","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-filter","display_name":"Spatial filter","score":0.689995527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818496584892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6743876934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"Matched filter","score":0.6514984369277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5704150199890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5295377969741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.511926531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.48243293166160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4759868383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filtering-theory","display_name":"Filtering theory","score":0.45260822772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4457019865512848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43273258209228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4186927378177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3789442181587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22984552383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19044476747512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.10403212904930115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121475858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735911","display_name":"Spatial filter","level":2,"score":0.689995527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818496584892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6743876934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.6514984369277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5704150199890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5295377969741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.511926531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.48243293166160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4759868383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988922011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering theory","level":2,"score":0.45260822772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4457019865512848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43273258209228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4186927378177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3789442181587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22984552383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19044476747512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.10403212904930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1964.1053650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4502562","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","issn_l":"0018-9448","issn":["0018-9448","1557-9654"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971103470","https://openalex.org/W2124224728","https://openalex.org/W2131239571","https://openalex.org/W2136942653","https://openalex.org/W3082192703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919129342","https://openalex.org/W4238211170","https://openalex.org/W2019332157","https://openalex.org/W1968273786","https://openalex.org/W258240614","https://openalex.org/W2136362324","https://openalex.org/W2746550806","https://openalex.org/W2019621696","https://openalex.org/W2387156362","https://openalex.org/W2493104683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,13,40],"past,":[2],"spatial":[3,37],"filtering":[4,38,66],"in":[5,46,74],"coherent":[6],"optical":[7],"systems":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"limited":[11],"by":[12],"inability":[14],"to":[15,39,56],"realize":[16],"practically":[17],"a":[18,25,30,47,71],"general":[19],"complex":[20],"filter.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"describes":[24],"technique":[26,61],"for":[27],"realizing":[28],"such":[29,75],"filter,":[31],"and":[32,80],"gives":[33],"an":[34,63],"application":[35],"of":[36,42,49],"problem":[41],"detecting":[43],"isolated":[44],"signals":[45],"variety":[48],"noise":[50],"backgrounds.":[51],"The":[52],"experimental":[53],"results":[54],"obtained":[55],"date":[57],"indicate":[58],"that":[59,68],"this":[60],"provides":[62],"excellent":[64],"two-dimensional":[65],"capability":[67],"will":[69],"play":[70],"key":[72],"role":[73],"problems":[76],"as":[77],"shape":[78],"recognition":[79],"signal":[81],"detection.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}