{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135614408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","title":"Information, organization and systems","display_name":"Information, organization and systems","publication_year":1954,"publication_date":"1954-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135614408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","mag":"2135614408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187304","display_name":"Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory","issn_l":"2168-2690","issn":["2168-2690","2168-2704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104704913","display_name":"Jeremy D. Rothstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Rothstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104704913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77192982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"64","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14222","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Technology","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4734073579311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46922028064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34891849756240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17552036046981812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4734073579311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46922028064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34891849756240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17552036046981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1954.1057475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187304","display_name":"Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory","issn_l":"2168-2690","issn":["2168-2690","2168-2704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}