{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162637338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","title":"Single-Image Reflection Removal via Iterative Prompt Learning of Reflection Level","display_name":"Single-Image Reflection Removal via Iterative Prompt Learning of Reflection Level","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162637338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127760663","display_name":"Binbin Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137301803","display_name":"Jiantao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111024066","display_name":"Shuning Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuning Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028567552","display_name":"Xina Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7794-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xina Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079117782","display_name":"Haiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137240723","display_name":"Xiaopeng Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-3636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-3636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137270192","display_name":"Bihan Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6874-6453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bihan Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6874-6453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66894525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"5698","last_page":"5713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.15469999611377716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3077999949455261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5935999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.53329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3695674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42208027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6148121953010559,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G124595255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0110/2025/R1B2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098366689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0119/2024/RIB2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6044444080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"001/2024/SKL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-image":[0],"reflection":[1,35,47,80,87,161,202],"removal":[2,48],"(SIRR)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,70,83,97,157,189],"restore":[6],"the":[7,16,24,34,72,90,99,129,133,160,169,191,196,200,209],"latent":[8],"background":[9,91,130,165,198],"layer":[10,131],"from":[11,149],"a":[12,58,113,120,173,185],"reflection-contaminated":[13],"image.":[14],"Despite":[15],"promising":[17],"progress":[18],"achieved":[19],"by":[20,138,225,230],"deep":[21,42],"learning-based":[22],"methods,":[23],"roles":[25],"of":[26,86,112,135,163,193],"negative":[27],"training":[28,60],"samples":[29],"and":[30,50,67,93,119,228,236],"descriptive":[31],"prompts":[32,66,96,136,146],"for":[33,177],"severity":[36],"are":[37,154,238],"underexplored":[38],"in":[39,142],"most":[40],"existing":[41],"SIRR":[43,100],"approaches,":[44],"limiting":[45],"their":[46],"performance":[49,218],"generalization":[51],"capability.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,76],"work,":[55],"we":[56,78,171,183],"introduce":[57],"novel":[59],"framework":[61,110],"that":[62,208],"synergistically":[63],"leverages":[64],"learnable":[65],"image":[68],"data":[69],"optimize":[71],"restoration":[73],"network.":[74],"To":[75,167],"end,":[77],"define":[79],"levels":[81,162],"corresponding":[82],"varying":[84],"degrees":[85],"interference":[88],"on":[89,216],"content":[92],"learn":[94],"reflection-level":[95,175],"supervise":[98],"process.":[101],"We":[102],"propose":[103],"an":[104],"Iterative":[105],"Reflection":[106,121],"Level":[107,122],"Reduction":[108],"(IRLR)":[109],"composed":[111],"Restoration":[114],"Network":[115],"Training":[116],"Module":[117,124],"(RNTM)":[118],"Learning":[123],"(RLLM).":[125],"Specifically,":[126],"RNTM":[127],"predicts":[128],"under":[132],"guidance":[134],"learned":[137],"RLLM,":[139],"while":[140],"RLLM":[141],"turn":[143],"refines":[144],"these":[145],"using":[147],"outputs":[148],"RNTM.":[150],"The":[151,233],"two":[152],"modules":[153],"trained":[155],"iteratively":[156],"progressively":[158],"reduce":[159],"estimated":[164],"layers.":[166],"initialize":[168],"prompts,":[170],"construct":[172],"dedicated":[174],"dataset":[176,237],"pretraining.":[178],"For":[179],"adaptively":[180],"supervising":[181],"RNTM,":[182],"design":[184],"new":[186],"reflection-level-aware":[187],"strategy":[188],"address":[190],"challenge":[192],"directly":[194],"aligning":[195],"output":[197],"with":[199],"minimal":[201],"level.":[203],"Comprehensive":[204],"experimental":[205],"results":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"proposed":[210],"method":[211],"significantly":[212],"outperforms":[213],"state-of-the-art":[214],"methods":[215],"average":[217],"across":[219],"several":[220],"released":[221],"datasets,":[222],"improving":[223],"PSNR":[224],"0.82":[226],"dB":[227],"SSIM":[229],"0.0120,":[231],"respectively.":[232],"source":[234],"code":[235],"available":[239],"at":[240],"https://github.com/NamecantbeNULL/IRLR_SIRR.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T06:16:58.514037","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}