{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147644232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","title":"Focus on Finding Deepfakes: A Robust Proactive Detection Method Based on Orthogonal Moment Watermarking","display_name":"Focus on Finding Deepfakes: A Robust Proactive Detection Method Based on Orthogonal Moment Watermarking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147644232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41921144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068503490","display_name":"Chunpeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-5614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132584588","display_name":"Wenlong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2334-6912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125489284","display_name":"Shanshan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["PCA Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-6300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PCA Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132618804","display_name":"Jie Gui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100356","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/018f7hf93","country_code":"CL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100356"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information of the Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-1759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information of the Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132613550","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123737556","display_name":"Yunan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Center (CIC), School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-8645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Center (CIC), School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089556891","display_name":"Zhiqiu Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-697X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":141.5393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99954144,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"3507","last_page":"3521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.15970000624656677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.887499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5325999855995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.887499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6751999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3678069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41921144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41921144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6827795505523682,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2034971590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302249","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2049534789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62541206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2205368512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025QZJH02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334993","funder_display_name":"Key Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2605058574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023CXGC010102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334993","funder_display_name":"Key Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3022099629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2023QF032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3936245613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4375700837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023TZXD049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334993","funder_display_name":"Key Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5464785614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7703021718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62502250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334993","display_name":"Key Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deepfake":[0],"detection":[1,18,93,163],"remains":[2],"a":[3,25,37,53,97,101,105,139],"challenging":[4],"research":[5],"topic,":[6],"especially":[7],"when":[8,132,167],"the":[9,40,48,60,66,83,92,111,115,123,126,133,148,157],"quality":[10],"of":[11,47,59,85,125,185],"forged":[12],"images":[13,168],"degrades,":[14],"leading":[15],"to":[16,71,118,138,171],"unreliable":[17],"results.":[19],"In":[20,165],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,35,64,95],"propose":[24],"watermarking-based":[26],"proactive":[27,31],"method":[28,159,175],"for":[29],"robust":[30],"deepfake":[32,140,162],"detection.":[33],"First,":[34],"embed":[36],"watermark":[38,102,112,128],"into":[39],"Fractional-order":[41],"Quaternion":[42],"Exponent":[43],"Moments":[44],"(FrQEMs)":[45],"space":[46],"host":[49,134],"face":[50],"image,":[51],"achieving":[52],"balance":[54],"between":[55,78],"imperceptibility":[56],"and":[57,104],"robustness":[58],"watermarking":[61],"algorithm.":[62],"Then,":[63],"introduce":[65],"Frequency":[67],"Mamba":[68],"(FreMamba)":[69],"block":[70],"enhance":[72],"feature":[73,88],"extraction":[74,84],"by":[75,179],"leveraging":[76],"correlations":[77],"frequency-domain":[79],"subbands,":[80],"thereby":[81],"enabling":[82],"more":[86,180],"discriminative":[87],"representations.":[89],"Finally,":[90],"at":[91],"stage,":[94],"construct":[96],"dual-branch":[98],"framework":[99],"comprising":[100],"extractor":[103,113],"forgery":[106,116,120],"discriminator.":[107],"Through":[108],"knowledge":[109],"distillation,":[110],"guides":[114],"discriminator":[117],"perceive":[119],"traces.":[121],"Specifically,":[122],"integrity":[124],"extracted":[127],"is":[129,136],"compromised":[130],"only":[131],"image":[135],"subjected":[137,170],"attack,":[141],"while":[142],"conventional":[143,172],"attacks":[144],"do":[145],"not":[146],"affect":[147],"integrity.":[149],"Experimental":[150],"results":[151],"on":[152],"benchmark":[153],"datasets":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"proposed":[158],"achieves":[160],"superior":[161],"accuracy.":[164],"particular,":[166],"are":[169],"attacks,":[173],"our":[174],"surpasses":[176],"state-of-the-art":[177],"approaches":[178],"than":[181],"5.3%":[182],"in":[183],"terms":[184],"ACC.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}