{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140634248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","title":"Toward Generalizable Forgery Detection and Reasoning","display_name":"Toward Generalizable Forgery Detection and Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140634248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41886323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.21210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yueying Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5145-6719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yueying Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5145-6719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007417490","display_name":"Dongliang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-3001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013808212","display_name":"Bingyao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingyao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-6554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130712798","display_name":"Haotian Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1022-2971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101392976","display_name":"Muxi Diao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muxi Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4423-4157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130668484","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-3892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077313814","display_name":"Kongming Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-093X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kongming Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-093X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhanyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-2488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-2488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66614378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"3395","last_page":"3410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.18289999663829803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.18289999663829803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.27720001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2026.3673967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41886323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41886323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.21210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21210","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.21210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.21210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21210","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.21210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1481198934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G172479822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62225601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2799915377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L242025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2806862466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677705413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M741964","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8677236040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,63,70,132,147,154,168,186,213],"interpretable":[2],"detection":[3,32,62,83,131,212],"of":[4,122],"AI-generated":[5,40],"images":[6,107],"is":[7,42,218],"essential":[8],"for":[9,53],"mitigating":[10],"risks":[11],"associated":[12],"with":[13,112,135],"AI":[14],"misuse.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,96,123],"substantial":[18],"domain":[19],"gap":[20],"among":[21],"generative":[22,110,195],"models":[23,196],"makes":[24],"it":[25],"challenging":[26],"to":[27,80,149,171],"develop":[28],"a":[29,66,102,129,140,158,178],"generalizable":[30],"forgery":[31,46,88,117,130,187],"model.":[33],"Moreover,":[34],"since":[35],"every":[36],"pixel":[37],"in":[38],"an":[39],"image":[41],"synthesized,":[43],"traditional":[44],"saliency-based":[45],"explanation":[47,64],"methods":[48,209],"are":[49],"not":[50,200],"well":[51],"suited":[52],"this":[54,92],"task.":[55],"To":[56,90],"address":[57],"these":[58],"challenges,":[59],"we":[60,94,126],"formulate":[61],"as":[65],"unified":[67],"Forgery":[68,98],"Detection":[69],"Reasoning":[71,99],"task":[72],"(FDR-Task),":[73],"leveraging":[74],"Multi-Modal":[75,97],"Large":[76],"Language":[77],"Models":[78],"(MLLMs)":[79],"provide":[81],"accurate":[82],"through":[84],"reliable":[85],"reasoning":[86,114,133,214],"over":[87],"attributes.":[89],"facilitate":[91],"task,":[93],"introduce":[95],"dataset":[100,104],"(MMFR-Dataset),":[101],"large-scale":[103],"containing":[105],"120K":[106],"across":[108,193],"10":[109],"models,":[111],"378K":[113],"annotations":[115],"on":[116,210],"attributes,":[118],"enabling":[119],"comprehensive":[120],"evaluation":[121],"FDR-Task.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"propose":[127],"FakeReasoning,":[128],"framework":[134],"three":[136],"key":[137],"components:":[138],"1)":[139],"dual-branch":[141],"visual":[142],"encoder":[143],"that":[144,163,182,198],"integrates":[145],"CLIP":[146],"DINO":[148],"capture":[150],"both":[151,211],"high-level":[152],"semantics":[153],"low-level":[155],"artifacts;":[156],"2)":[157],"Forgery-Aware":[159],"Feature":[160],"Fusion":[161],"Module":[162],"leverages":[164],"DINO's":[165],"attention":[166],"maps":[167],"cross-attention":[169],"mechanisms":[170],"guide":[172],"MLLMs":[173],"toward":[174],"forgery-related":[175],"clues;":[176],"3)":[177],"Classification":[179],"Probability":[180],"Mapper":[181],"couples":[183],"language":[184],"modeling":[185],"detection,":[188],"enhancing":[189],"overall":[190],"performance.":[191],"Experiments":[192],"multiple":[194],"demonstrate":[197],"FakeReasoning":[199],"only":[201],"achieves":[202],"robust":[203],"generalization":[204],"but":[205],"also":[206],"outperforms":[207],"state-of-the-art":[208],"tasks.":[215],"The":[216],"code":[217],"available":[219],"at:":[220],"https://github.com/PRIS-CV/FakeReasoning.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:48:15.688549","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}
